unit 2.1 Processes of Industrial Production Flashcards
Define the three economic sectors
Primary, secondary and tertiary
Give an example of an activity in each sector
Primary - Farming
Secondary - Car assembly
Tertiary - Bus service
Identify the types of countries with the following proportions of sector industries:
Primary Secondary Tertiary
a) 80 7 13
b) 27 35 38
c) 2 29 69
a) Developing nation
b) NIC (Newly Industrialised Country)
c) Developed nation
Name the 4 factors (inputs) of production required for industries.
Land
Labour
Capital
Enterprise
Define “labour intensive”
Large amounts of labour are required
What is meant by “simple technology”
basic tools such as hoes and chisels
Define “capital intensive”
large amounts of capital (finance) are invested in the business
What is meant by “complex technology”?
Advanced machinery and computers
Define inputs and outputs
Inputs - the requirements for industrial production
Outputs - all that is produced by an industrial process
Give an example of land, Labour and capital factors in a primary industry
Land - Farmland, mines, river catchment
Labour - Farm workers, miners
Capital - Farm machinery & wages
Give an example of land, Labour and capital factors in a secondary industry
Land - factory site
Labour - Production workers and managers
Capital - Loan repayments and wages
Give an example of land, Labour and capital factors in a tertiary industry
Land - banks, schools, warehouses
Labour - Drivers, teachers, finance workers
Capital - Rent, trucks, planes, wages
What is meant by economies of scale?
The average cost per unit produces is reduced as production increases.
List the 4 economies of scale
Financial
Managerial
Marketing
Purchasing
Name an advantage for businesses of workers having different specialities.
Workers know exactly what they have to do.
Give an example of both skilled and unskilled work.
Skilled - accountant or lawyer
Unskilled - filling pulping machines or packing boxes in a factory.
Name the three main ways companies can bring about sustainable development.
Reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources
Increase the use of recycled material
Use non-renewable resources wisely (e.g soil and water)
Give an example of an industry that is often state run
Railways, health, steel making, telephony, water, gas , electric.
Define a shareholder
People or organisations who invest money in a company to allow it to operate.
List 3 main features of the informal economy
Easy to enter as few skills needed
Self-employment with help from family members only
Income is low and unreliable
Working hours are long
No regulations on working conditions but no legal protection either
Small scale and run from a home base
No tax paid to government
Why might people be forced to enter the informal economy?
Lack of qualifications and / or social security benefits
