Unit 1.4 Poverty and Politics

Question 1

What does the word ‘sustainable’ mean?

Answer 1

Capable of being continued without permanent damage to the environment.

Question 2

List the 3 main type of political system

Answer 2

Capitalist
Socialist
Communist

Question 3

Define a capitalist system

Answer 3

A system based on private ownership that relies on market forces rather than state control.

Question 4

Define a socialist system

Answer 4

A system based in public ownership and government control over the allocation of resources.

Question 5

Define a communist system

Answer 5

An economy that is managed and often highly planned by the state and based on common ownership.

Question 6

Name three ways in which a government can get income.

Answer 6

Taxes
Foreign aid
Users paying for services the government provides. E.g. schooling or healthcare.

Question 7

Define Authority

Answer 7

The power to make decisions and give orders.

Question 8

List 4 ways in which conflict can hamper development

Answer 8

Governments will spend more money on the army than on schools, hospitals etc.

Bombs and fighting can damage infrastructure - roads, ports, airports
- preventing delivery of aid and or imports / exports.

Citizens may be too scared to go to work / school.

Crops and livestock may be damaged or stolen leading to hunger.

Large scale injury / mortality means fewer people to carry out roles - teachers, doctors, farmers, road builders….

Damaged hospitals prevents safe treatment of injured citizens.

Pulling-out of NGO’s and business from the country due to fear for their staff and/or business.

Question 9

What does the word ‘indigenous’ mean?

Answer 9

A native, a person born in a particular place.

Question 10

Define colonialism

Answer 10

The occupation of another country in order to exploit it economically.

Question 11

List 3 main colonial powers of the Africa.

Answer 11

Belgium
France
Germany
Great Britain
Italy
Portugal 
Spain.

Question 12

What does the word ‘legitimate’ mean?

Answer 12

To comply with the rules.

Question 13

Name two African countries that retained independence during colonial times.

Answer 13

Empire of Ethiopia

Liberia

Question 14

What is meant by the term ‘civil war’

Answer 14

A war between citizens of the same country.

Question 15

What is a dictator?

Answer 15

A political leader who exercises power by force and has complete control of the military.

E.g.Idi of Amin Uganda, Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe.

Question 16

List 4 characteristics of a dictatorship

Answer 16

No regular elections are held. Scam elections may take place where voters are bullied or the results are fixed.

Dictators and their advisors draw up the laws. However the laws rarely apply to them. Trials are unfair and people may be imprisoned without charge.

Human rights are lacking - no freedom of speech. The press are controlled by the government.

Dictators are not accountable to the people.

Question 17

What is a ballot?

Answer 17

A process of voting

Question 18

What does it mean if someone is accountable?

Answer 18

They are required to provide proof that their actions are reasonable.

Question 19

Define corruption and give and example of how a dictator may be corrupt.

Answer 19

Corruption is a willingness to act dishonestly for personal gain.

Dictators may do this by using public (government) money to buy cars and luxury items for friends and key officials like judges who will help keep the in power.

Question 20

What is meant by autocratic?

Answer 20

A system of government where one person has complete power.

Question 21

Give an example of a part of the world where there were uprisings against autocratic systems.

Answer 21

North Africa and the Middle East in 2011. This was known as the Aran Spring.

ESP. Tunisia, Libya & Egypt.

Question 22

Name three principles that democracy is based on.

Answer 22

Government by the will of the people through elections - Carried out by secrets ballots

The rule of law - right to a fair trial and an independent judiciary.

The exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms - e.g freedom of speech, association and movement.

Question 23

What is an independent judiciary?

Answer 23

Judges and trials are not influenced by the government.

Question 24

What do trade unions do?

Answer 24

They are groups of workers who come together to negotiate better conditions and pay.

These would not be allowed in autocratic systems.

Question 25

Why is local consultation important for governments making decisions?

Answer 25

Because local people need to make decisions that affect them.

Local people are familiar with local situations and understand local difficulties.

Local people work hard to make a project a success if they are involved.

Question 26

What is a constitution?

Answer 26

A document that defines the function and administration of an organisation and the rules which it’s members must follow.

Question 27

Explain the two kinds of democracy that exist in the UK and France. How are they different?

Answer 27

The UK is a constitutional Monarchy and has the Queen of England as head of state. Her role is largely ceremonial. She is unelected. The UK does not have a written constitution.

France is a republic (currently the 5th republic which adopted its constitution in 1958). The president, Emmanuel Macron is head of state. He is elected and serves a 5 year term.

Question 28

List 3 goals that National Plans for Development may include.

Answer 28

Encouragement for companies to set up factories.

Laws to limit logging in the tropical rainforest.

Supply of clean water to all areas.

Quotas for women in parliament.