Unit 20: Vitamins

Question 1

What are Vitamins?

Answer 1

Vitamins are chemical substances that perform specific functions in the body.

Question 2

Two type of Vitamins

Answer 2

1. Water Soluble(B-complex and Vitamin C)

2. Fat Soluble (Vitamin D,E,K,A=DEKA vitamins)

Question 3

What Vitamins involved in?

Answer 3

Vitamins are involved in reactions that build and maintain body tissue such as bone, muscles and red blood cells.

Question 4

Which three vitamins acts as antioxidants?

Answer 4

• Vitamin E
• Vitamin C
• Beta-carotene

Question 5

What does Antioxidant vitamins does?

Answer 5

• Prevent or repair to damage to cells caused by
  exposure to free radicals.
• They can damage lipids, cell membrane, & DNA

Question 6

Thiamin(Vitamin B1)’s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 6

1. Function: Release energy from Carbohydrate only.
2. Deficiency: Fatigue and weakness.
3. Toxicity: Rapidly excreted by Kidney.

Question 7

Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) ‘s function. deficiency and toxicity

Answer 7

1. Function; Capture and utilize energy that is release
   from Carbohydrates, protein, fats.
2. Deficiency: Fatigue and cracked lips.
3. Toxicity: Rapidly excreted by Kidney.

Question 8

Niacin(Vitamin B3)’s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 8

1. Function: Capture and utilize energy release from
   carbohydrates, protein and fats. And also helps in
   manufacture of body fat.
2. Deficiency: Skin disorder, fatigue, Pellagra.
3. Toxicity: head ache, rapid heartbeat, flushing.

Question 9

Vitamin B6(pyridoxine)’s function, deficiency and toxicity

Answer 9

1. Function: needed for RBC formation.
2. Deficiency: Muscular weakness.
3. Toxicity: Muscular weakness.

Question 10

Folate’s function, deficiency and toxicity

Answer 10

1. Function: Utilize amino acids for protein tissue
   formation and red blood cell formation.
2. Deficiency: Neural tube defects and preterm labor.
3. Toxicity: May mask a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Question 11

Vitamin B12(cyanocobalamin)’s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 11

1. Function: Needed for red blood cell development
2. Deficiency: Anemia, fatigue
3. Toxicity: Rapidly excreted by Kidney.

Question 12

Biotin ‘s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 12

1. Function: Manufacture body’s protein, fats and
   glycogen.
2. Deficiency: Vision problem, Muscular weakness.
3. Toxicity: Rapidly excreted by Kidney.

Question 13

Pantothenic Acid (Pantothenate) ‘s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 13

1. Function: Release energy from fat and carbohydrate.
2. Deficiency: Fatigue and impaired coordination.
3. Toxicity: Rapidly excreted by Kidney.

Question 14

Vitamin C(Ascorbic acid)’s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 14

1. Function: Needed to manufacture collagen.
2. Deficiency: Bleeding and bruising, Scurvy.
3. Toxicity: Nausea, cramps and diarrhea.

Question 15

Choline’s function, deficiency and toxicity

Answer 15

1. Function: Serve as structural component of cell
   membrane.
2. Deficiency: Infertility and Hypertension.
3. Toxicity: Hypotension(low blood pressure)

Question 16

Vitamin A( Retinol)’s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 16

1. Function: Formation and maintenance of mucus
   membrane.
2. Deficiency: Impaired vision
3. Toxicity: Blurred vision, hair loss, dry skin.

Question 17

Beta-Carotene’s function & deficiency

Answer 17

1. Function: Act as an antioxidant by preventing
   damage to cell membrane
2. Deficiency: Related to lack of Vitamin A as
   betacarotene is precursor to Vitamin A.

Question 18

What does precursor mean in nutrition?

Answer 18

A precursor is nutrient that can be converted into another nutrient.

Question 19

Vitamin E’s function, deficiency and toxicity

Answer 19

1. Function: Act as an antioxidant and reduce LDL
   cholesterol to form plaque in artery.
2. Deficiency: Muscle loss weakness.
3. Toxicity: May increase bleeding

Question 20

Vitamin D ‘s function, deficiency and toxicity.

Answer 20

1. Function: Aid in absorption of Calcium and
   phosphorus in the process of Osteogenesis
2. Deficiency: Rickets and Osteoporosis
3. Toxicity: Abnormal growth of bone

Question 21

Vitamin K’s function, deficiency and toxicity

Answer 21

1. Function: Needed for blood clotting.
2. Deficiency: Bleeding and bruising
3. Toxicity: Only problem when taken in synthetic form