UNIT 12- Sugar, Starches and Fiber

Question 1

What is carbohydrates

Answer 1

Chemical substances in foods that consists of a simple sugar molecules or multiple of them in various form

Question 2

What is major source of energy?

Answer 2

Carbohydrate

Question 3

What are three type of Carbohydrates?

Answer 3

• Simple sugar
• Starch (Complex
  carbohydrate)
• Dietary Fiber(Complex
  carbohydrate)

Question 4

How many calories does Simple sugar and complex carbohydrate supply?

Answer 4

4 calories/gram

Question 5

How much does Dietary fiber supply?

Answer 5

Dietary fiber supplies indirectly 2 calories/gram

Question 6

Which simple sugar is a key component of DNA?

Answer 6

Ribose

Question 7

Define Simple sugar?

Answer 7

Simple sugars are carbohydrate that consists of a glucose, fructose or galactose molecules or a combination of glucose and either fructose or galactose

Question 8

What are two type of Simple sugars?

Answer 8

• Monosaccharides

- Disaccharides

Question 9

Define Monosaccharide

Answer 9

Simple sugar consisting of one sugar molecules.

Question 10

Define Disaccharides

Answer 10

Simple sugars consisting of two molecules of monosaccharides linked together

Question 11

Name some monosaccharides

Answer 11

Glucose, Fructose, galactose

Question 12

Name some Disaccharides

Answer 12

Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose

Question 13

What are the two simple sugars body uses directly to form energy?

Answer 13

Glucose and Fructose

Question 14

What is Glycogen?

Answer 14

It is a complex carbohydrate, made up of long chains of glucose.

Question 15

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

Answer 15

Liver and muscles

Question 16

What are the problem associated with high sugar intake?

Answer 16

• Liver blood accumulation
• Greater body weight
• risk of type 2 diabetes,
  hypertension and heart
  disease
• Tooth decay

Question 17

Define Hypoglycemia

Answer 17

Hypoglycemia means abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.

Question 18

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia

Answer 18

Sweating, shakiness, dizziness, lack of coordination, weakness

Question 19

Define Hyperglycemia

Answer 19

chronically high blood glucose leve.

Question 20

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia

Answer 20

Dry mouth, extreme thirst, high fever, sleepiness

Question 21

What is Alcohol sugar?

Answer 21

Alcohol sugar are simple sugar containing an alcohol groiup in their molecular structure

Question 22

Most common alcohol sugars are..

Answer 22

Xylitol, Mannitol, Sorbitol

Question 23

Xylitol

Answer 23

• sweetest alcohol sugar
• found naturally in fruits
• Provide two calories per
  gram

Question 24

Artificial sweeteners

Answer 24

• is a sugar substitute
• provide no calories
• do not promote tooth
  decay
• stimulate your appetite
• lead to cravings

Question 25

Name of some artificial sweetners

Answer 25

Saccharine, Aspartame, Sucralose, Neotame, Stevia

Question 26

What is Aspartame made of?

Answer 26

It is made of two amino acids(Phenylalanine and aspartame)

Question 27

Is Aspartame safe?

Answer 27

It should not be consumed by people with Phenylketonuria (PKU).People with this disorder are unable to utilize phenylalanine, causing it to build up in the blood.

Question 28

What is PKU ?

Answer 28

it is a rare genetic disorder related to lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which cause phenylalanine to build up in blood.

Question 29

how much aspartame are safe to use in US?

Answer 29

50 mg/kg body weight per day

Question 30

Define complex carbohydrate

Answer 30

They are made up of long chain of interconnected glucose..

Question 31

What is polysaccharides?

Answer 31

Carbohydrates containing many molecules of monosaccharides linked together

Question 32

Why are Complex Carbohydrates so good?

Answer 32

They take longer to digest thereby contributing to more balanced and longer lasting lasting energy. They tend to have greater nutrients impact. They are found in starchy vegetables, grain and dried beans.

Question 33

What is dietary fiber?

Answer 33

Dietary fiber is the part of plant-based food that cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes

Question 34

What are two type of fiber and what are they?

Answer 34

``` 1) Soluble fibers: combined chemically with water. It reduced blood level of cholesterol and shown to slow glucose absorption. 2) Insoluble: Do not combined chemically with water. They are found in bran and some legumes and decrease constipation. ```

Question 35

What are some Fiber characteristics?

Answer 35

- Low in calories - Prevents constipation - lower risk of many health disorders. - Under-consumed by Americans

Question 36

What is the recommended total fiber intake?

Answer 36

15 gm per day on average.

Question 37

What is Glycemic index?

Answer 37

Measure how a carbohydrate- containing food raises blood glucose level.

Question 38

Difference between high glycemic index and low glycemic index

Answer 38

``` 1) High Glycemic Index: Foods with GI are quickly digested and absorbed, causing a rapid rise in blood sugar level. 2) Low Glycemic index: foods with low GI are digested and absorbed at slower rate thereby causing slower rise in blood sugar level. ```

Question 39

Intake of low GI carbohydrate food is associated with

Answer 39

``` - Decrease blood glucose and insulin level - Increased satiety - Decrease food intake - increase weight loss - Decrease activation of brain region that motivate people to eat ```

Question 40

Define Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 40

A condition characterized by high blood glucose level due to the body's inability to use insulin normally or to produce enough insulin.

Question 41

What is tooth decay?

Answer 41

The disintegration of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugar.

Question 42

What is Lactose Maldigestion?

Answer 42

A disorder characterized by reduced digestion of lactose due to low availability of the enzyme lactase.

Question 43

What is Lactose intolerance?

Answer 43

The term for gastrointestinal symptom(flatulence, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rumbling in the bowel) resulting from consumption of more lactose than can be digested with available lactase.

Question 44

How is Lactose Maldigestion managed?

Answer 44

- Fortified soy or rice milk - Low-lactose cow's milk - Fruit juice fortified with calcium and vitamins D - Yogurt and other fermented milk products

Question 45

What are three major type of polysaccharides?

Answer 45

- starch, glycogen and | dietary fiber.