UNIT 18: FATS AND HEALTH

Question 1

Refined Carbohydrate

Answer 1

Refined carbohydrate are carbohydrate containing foods that have been processed to remove most or all of bran coating and germ from grain.

Question 2

Fats

Answer 2

Fats are group of substance found in food that are not soluble in water.

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Lipids are compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in fat.

Question 4

Function of fats

Answer 4

• Provide concentrated source of energy.
• Carry essential fatty acids, the fat-soluble vitamins and certain phytochemical.
• Provide relief from hunger.
• Insulate organs and tissues.
• Produces hormones like adiponectin and leptin that participate in the regulation of body processes.
• Serve as precursors to Vitamin D, estrogen and testosterone.
• Serve as component of cell membranes that acts as barrier between the outside and inside of cells and in the maintenance of the structural integrity of cells.

Question 5

Fats supply

Answer 5

9 cal/gram

Question 6

Two major forms of body fat

Answer 6

1. White adipose tissue(WAT):Most abundant in adults.

2. Brown adipose tissue(BAT); Abundant in infants and is capable of utilizing glucose n fat to form heat.

Question 7

Brown fat(BAT)

Answer 7

• high mitochondria concentration gives brown color

- It is activated by cold temperatures and is found in large amount in animals that hibernate during cold temperatures.

Question 8

The fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

-Vitamin D
-Vitamin E
-Vitamin K
Vitamin A
(DEKA Vitamins)

Question 9

What are two hormones produce by fat cell which plays important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity?

Answer 9

Adiponectin and Leptin

Question 10

Adiponectin

Answer 10

Increases insulin sensitivity and utilization of fat stores and decrease inflammation.

Question 11

Leptin

Answer 11

Involved in the regulation of energy balance and body weight. It initiate signals that’ suppress appetite and increase the utilization of fat stores.

Question 12

Types of Fats

Answer 12

• Monoglycerides
• Diglycerides
• Triglycerides
• Saturated fats
• Monounsaturated
• Polyunsaturated

Question 13

Adipocyte

Answer 13

A fat cell

Question 14

Body fat stores

Answer 14

helps to stay warm

Question 15

Triglycerides

Answer 15

is make up 98% of our dietary fat intake and most of our body’s fat stores. I t is the most common type of fat in food n body fat stores.

Question 16

Saturated fats

Answer 16

Molecules of fat in which carbons are linked single bond. The carbons are saturated with hydrogens.It is solid at room temperature.

Question 17

Unsaturated fats

Answer 17

Molecules of fat in which carbons are linked one or more double bond. The carbons are not saturated with hydrogens. It is liquid at room temperature and found in plants, vegetable oils, meat and dairy product.

Question 18

Monounsaturated fats

Answer 18

Fats that contain a fatty acid in which one carbon-carbon bond is not saturated with hydrogen.

Question 19

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 19

Fats that contain a fatty acid in which two or more carbon-carbon bonds are not saturated with hydrogen.

Question 20

Essential fatty acids

Answer 20

• Essential fatty acid that must be ingest but cannot be synthesized by our body.

Question 21

Define Cholesterol

Answer 21

A fat-soluble , colorless liquid found primarily in animals. It is produced by the liver and is used by the body to form hormones such as testosterone and estrogen and is a component of cell membranes.

Question 22

Two essential fatty acids

Answer 22

Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid are two fatty acids essential for human

Question 23

Linoleic acid

Answer 23

- Linoleic is a member's of the 
 Omega-6 fatty acid family.
-Components of all cell  
 membranes especially in nerves 
 and brain.
-Required for growth of skin, 
 reproductive system.
-Involved in regulating blood 
 pressure, clotting.
-Found in vegetable oils, nuts , 
 grain and meats.
-Polyunsaturated
-Stored in fat tissue
-Used as a source of energy
-Required in a diet

Question 24

Alpha-linolenic

Answer 24

-Alpha-linolenic is a member of Omega-3 fatty acid.
-Components of all cell
membranes especially in nerves
and brain.
-Opposite effects of linoleic acid
on regulation of blood pressure
and clotting.
-Found in walnuts, dark green
leafy vegetables, canola n
soybean oils.
-Polyunsaturated
-Stored in fat tissue
-Used as a source of energy
-Required in the diet

Question 25

Hydrogenated Fats

Answer 25

Hydrogenate is a process that
adds hydrogen to liquid unsaturated fats thereby
making them more saturated
and solid.It extends shelf life of processed foods.

Question 26

Disadvantage of hydrogenation

Answer 26

• Hydrogenated vegetable oils contain more saturated fat than the original oil.
• Hydrogenation converts some unsaturated fat into trans fats

Question 27

Trans fatty acids

Answer 27

Trans fats are unsaturated fatty acids in fats that contain atoms of hydrogen attached to opposite sides of carbons joined by a double bond.

Question 28

Effects of trans fatty acids

Answer 28

• Impacts the function and levels of blood lipids negatively
• Increase the risk of heart disease, stoke and type-2 diabetes.
• Promote the development of inflammation

Question 29

Calculate % of calories from fat

Answer 29

To calculate % of calories from fat
-Grams fat x 9 calories/gram = fat calories
-Fat calories/total calories x 100 = % of total calories from fat
Example:
-A slice of cherry pie provides 350 calories and 15 grams of fat
-15 grams fat x 9 calories/gram = 135 calories
-135 calories ÷ 350 = 0.39
0.39 x 100 = 39% of total calories from fat