Unit 2- Week 4

Question 1

1. what is intersectionality?
2. what are the origins of intersectionality?

Answer 1

1. understanding and acknowledging that social systems are complicated and include multiple forms of oppression (ex: racism, sexism, agism) that intersect and interact to be present at the same time in a person’s life

intersectionality can be extremely difficult to navigate which is why it is essential that health providers and society recognize these existing roadblocks

2. Started with a black feminist movement

Question 2

What are current approaches to addressing equity focusing on?

Answer 2

Focuses on 1 form of discrimination and only works to resolve the specific concern rather than taking an intersectional approach

Question 3

1. T/F: intersectionality involves adding up the oppressions and addressing each individually to help alleviate oppression
2. T/F: when multiple barriers combine, the experience of oppression remains the same
3. intersectionality is not just about multiple identities because it is a framework to engage in issues of ________
4. As a society we need to take measurable action to ______, _______ and _______ the voices of marginalized people

Answer 3

1. F. we cannot do this
2. F. the experience of oppression changes
3. power
4. invite, include and center

Question 4

what is privilege?

Answer 4

having unearned advantages in society in compared to other people. Can be based on a variety of factors that act alone or intersect and are heightened by social structures and societal perceptions.

Question 5

1. how does privilege relate to a coin?
2. Is there only 1 coin in society?
3. T/F: the groups on the bottom of the coin are the most important when addressing health equity

Answer 5

1. privilege is like the top side of a coin. The coin itself is the social structure or systemic force that gives unearned advantage to people and unearned disadvantage to others
2. no there are many coins, such as racism, sexism, ableism etc.
3. F. Both the groups on the bottom (disadvantage) and the groups on the top (privilege) are relevant for health equity. The groups on the top need to be less oblivious about the way that social structures benefit them unfairly –> be aware of their privilege

Question 6

1. How did social hierarchies exist in the 1500s?
2. What did racial hierarchies form as a result of?
3. Acceptance in society relied on a persons ______, their conformity to __________ and their gender role ________
4. Explain how each group was oppressed:
   a) women
   b) LGBTQ+
   c) people with disabilities
   d) POC

Answer 6

1. Social hierarchies existed in the following ways: children belonged to their parents, parishioners submitted to churches, labor was owned by land owners
2. Racial hierarchies formed as a result of colonialism
3. Gender, heterosexuality, expectations
4. a) Womens roles were to childbear, mend after the house. If they tried to oppose and work they were ostracized in society and seen as not feminine enough
   b) LGBTQ+ or those who did not conform to traditional gender roles in society were treated as second class, had violent acts committed on them and were not allowed to have rights in society
   c) people with disabilities were seen as burdens and treated with violence. They were dehumanized and not allowed to contribute in society
   d) segregation, racism and not included in society. Forced to work in adverse conditions

Question 7

1. T/F: the south is responsible for origins of racism
2. Explain the key events in Canadas history of racism:
   1600-1834
   1886-1996
   1881-1947
   1914
   1939
   1941-1949
   1967

Answer 7

1. F. Canada has a history of racism
2. 1600-1834: enslavement of African people
   1886-1996: residential schools
   1881-1947: head tax and exclusion for Chinese labourers
   1914: komagata Maru people being denied access into Canada
   1939: antisemitism and turning Jewish refugees away
   1941-1949: Japanese internment camps
   1967: favourited UK immigrants and Western Europe

Question 8

In 1939 when _________ was prominent,
Canada turned away the st Luis and ocean liner with ____ Jewish refugees. ___% later died in the holocaust

Answer 8

Antisemitism, 900, 40%

Question 9

In 1941-1949, during the time of Japanese internment camps, the Canadian government forced ______ Japanese, ___% among which were Canadian Japanese

Answer 9

20000, 75%

Question 10

We are products of our ________ and the individual _______ we carry and the culture we follow is significantly influenced by how we are _________ and those we ________ ourselves with

Answer 10

Environment, ideologies, raise, surround

Question 11

T/F: the inside characteristics of the power and privilege circle are less favourable than those on the outside
T/F: power is what is considered bad.

Answer 11

F. The inside characteristics are more favourable than the outside ones. Possessing inside characteristics provides more advantage and therefore power/privilege
F. Power is not what is considered bad. It is how the power is used against others that is bad

Question 12

what is the difference between privilege and oppression?

Answer 12

privilege are advantages or resources granted to some social groups that are unavailable to other groups –> creates disadvantage for other people
Oppression is a system that maintains these disadvantages on either an individual, institutional or cultural level

Question 13

What are the 4 multitudes of privilege? explain each

Answer 13

1. white privilege = benefits white people over non-white. Not the assumption that everything a white person has is unearned but is rather an advantage that is separate from income or efforts.
2. socio-economic privilege = not the same as being wealthy but having enough resources to perform life opportunities –> ex: privilege to study for the MCAT and not worrying about work
3. religious privilege = finding a place of worship and having a connection between celebrations and society. Ex: do not need to request day off for religious holidays
4. ability privilege = not everybody’s body and mind is the same. ex: people with disabilities not having access to an elevator in a health care setting

Question 14

T/F: white privilege is the assumption that everything a white person accomplishes is unearned

Answer 14

F. White privilege is NOT the assumption that everything a white person accomplishes is unearned but rather it is an advantage separate from income or efforts.

Question 15

1. what is inequality?
2. what is equality? how does it still lead to disadvantage?
3. what is equity?
4. what is justice?

Answer 15

1. inequality = unequal access to resources/opportunities
2. equality = giving equal (same) supports to everyone but some individuals can still be disadvantaged
3. equity = unique supports given to benefit everyone –> acknowledges that our systems are bent and that some people have advantages over others
4. justice = removing the barriers and fixing the system to ensure that everyone has equal access to all aspects of society

Question 16

Explain each with an example:
1. what is exclusion?
2. what is segregation?
3. what is integration?
4. what is inclusion?

Answer 16

1. exclusion = some people not allowed to participate. Ex: you are not invited to the party
2. what is segregation = majority of people are given resources and minority is given less resources and excluded. Ex: girls have their own party and not invited to the boys
3. integration = invited to be in the environment but cannot fully participate. Do not have a sense of belonging. Ex: you are invited to the party, but no one talks to you
4. inclusion = ensuring all individuals are valued and respected equitably for contributions and have access to the same opportunities with equal support. Ex: you are invited to the party and you are friends with everyone and given food

Question 17

T/F: society is in the inclusion stage, but we have remanence of exclusion and segregation

Answer 17

F: society is in the integration stage because we have remanence of exclusion and segregation

Question 18

what is diversity? What stage (exclusion, segregation, integration or inclusion) represents diversity?

Answer 18

diversity is representation of individuals with different identities, experiences and backgrounds in society. Shows how we need to understand and value the vast array of thoughts, personalities, ideas and lenses of everyone. Diversity represents inclusion

Question 19

What are the 3 perceptive factors?

Answer 19

1. Bias = unfair prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person or group compared with another. Ex: when picking teammates for a track and field team, we may choose a boy instead of a girl because of the bias we have against girls and running speed
2. unconscious bias = implicit or unconscious assumptions when assessing a person/group. Sometimes we may not even realize we have these biases.
3. Schema = categorical assessment of individuals and relationships between individuals. Shapes expectations and evaluations of the person in question. Ex: walking into a room and assigning categories to people and placing them into groups

Question 20

Bias is a byproduct of our _________ and _______

Answer 20

environment and culture

Question 21

T/F: Schema leads to unconscious bias

Answer 21

T

Question 22

1. what is affinity bias?
2. what is benefit of the doubt?
3. what is prove it again?
4. what is confirmation bias?

Answer 22

1. affinity bias = tendency to want to surround ourselves with people who culturally look or reflect us. May benefit minority groups
2. benefit of the doubt = treat individuals as part of the dominant group with greater generosity in terms of interpreting any incorrect info–> making positive attributions to people in comparison to those who are minorities
3. prove it again = people who are stereotyped as less competent have to constantly prove themselves to seem valued in society
4. confirmation bias = we only seek information and absorb info that confirms our established beliefs - we miss data that contradicts our beliefs