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WSET Diploma > Unit 2 - Week 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Week 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
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1
Q

Part of the vine which absorb water and nutrients from soil, anchor the vine, store carbohydrates for winter is called

A

Roots

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2
Q

Part of the vine which reach up toward the sun, responsible to transport water and other substances between roots, leaves and fruit and also store carbohydrates for winter are called

A

Trunk and arms

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3
Q

Part of vine which grow out of buds and support leaves. Go woody and brown in autumn when they become known as cane

A

Shoots

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4
Q

Part of vine which grow leaves, flower bunches and tendrils is called

A

Nodes

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5
Q

Section of stem between nodes is called

A

Internode

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6
Q

Part of vine which form at base of leaf stalks and allow the shoot to branch out is called

A

Buds

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7
Q

Buds that break same year are called

A

Prompt buds

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8
Q

Buds that break following spring are called

A

Latent or dormant buds

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9
Q

Part of vine responsible for photosynthesis, also transpire from their pores (evaporate water) creating system which enable plant to suck up water from soil is called

A

Leaves

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10
Q

Leaf stalks are called

A

Petioles

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11
Q

What part of vine you need to analyses to determine nutrient requirement of vine

A

Petioles

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12
Q

Reproductive stucture of vine is called

A

Flowers, vines are hermaphroditic

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13
Q

Reproductive parts of vine is called

A

Infloresences

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14
Q

They search out trellis wire and wind around them enabling shoots to stay upright and get maximum sun available

A

Tendrils

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15
Q

When occurs budburst

A

April/May or Sept/Oct

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16
Q

How is called trimming off shoot extremities which occurs in July

A

Summer training

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17
Q

What is shoot positioning

A

Includes shoot removal, bud rubbing, and tucking in. After the risk of spring frost but before flowering

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18
Q

What is bud rubbing

A

Removal of potential undesirable shoots before it has a chance to grow

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19
Q

What is purpose of tucking in

A

To organise the canopy, facilitate mechanization

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20
Q

What is leaf stripping

A

Removal of leaves around the fruit zone in order to improve canopy microclimate, spar penetration, increase speed of manual harvesting.

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21
Q

When is done leaf stripping

A

Between veraison and harvest. 70 hr/ha

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22
Q

What is green harvesting

A

Removal of bunches. Remaining bunches ripen more fully and evenly. Best done around veraison, to remove bunches on laterals and those nearest the shoot tips. By hand. Around 50 hr/ha.

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23
Q

Soil management technique to achieve stable crumb structure

A

Adding organic matter, lack of disturbance, weed control

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24
Q

Soil management technique to achieve sufficient water

A

Irrigation, improve structure, weed control

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25
Q

Soil management technique to achieve good drainage and aeration

A

Drainage, deep cultivation, weed control

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26
Q

Soil management technique to achieve high level of microbial and macrobial activity

A

Drainage, good structure, control soil compaction, weed control

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27
Q

Soil management technique to achieve pH 6.0-7.5

A

Correct pH, lime applications

28
Q

Soil management technique to achieve sufficient nutrients

A

Add organic matter, chemical fertilisers, weed control

29
Q

Soil management technique to achieve sufficient depth and volume

A

Fertiliser/manure applications, weed control, drainage

30
Q

Where macronutrients occurs and what quantity

A

Macronutrients occur in the largest quantities in the plant tissue, ranging from 0.2 to 3% of dry weight

31
Q

What is the quantity of iron and manganese found in plant

A

50 to 150 mg/L dry weight

32
Q

What is the quantity of molybdenum, copper, zinc and boron found in plant

A

0.5 to 40 mg/L dry weight

33
Q

What is chlorosis

A

the yellowing of the foilage, common vine disorder

34
Q

What cause chlorosis

A

deficiency of iron, nitrogen, magnesium and/or sulfur

35
Q

What is a “hiden hunger”

A

deficiency of magnesium and zinc

36
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: reduced vigour, smaller leaves and shoots, yellowing of leaves and other green tissue, reddening (esp. petioles) may occur

A

Nitrogen (N) - major constituent of plant cell proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll and hormones.

37
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: older leaves become yellow in white varieties and red in red. Defoliation may follow, pronounced leaf blackening. Uneven ripening

A

Potassium (K) - regulates flow of water and sugar in plant, regulates internal acidity, enzyme activator, encourages ripening.

38
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: gradual reduction in shoot growth, reduced fruit set, low bunch numbers per shoot. yellowing between veins of recently mature leaves, red spots on leaves.

A

Phosphorus (P) - key element in energy fixation. Encourages root growth and the ripening proces.

39
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: yellowing between veins of older leaves for white varieties and reddening for red varieties

A

Magnesium (Mg) - essential component of chlorophyll, regulates internal acidity, sugar metabolism. Encourages ripening.

40
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: diffuse yellowing of young leaves and new growth

A

Iron (Fe) - involved in chlorophyll formation and energy trapping and transfer in photosynthesis and respiration.

41
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: yellowing between the main veins in broad bands

A

Manganese (Mn) - component of catalysts involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll and in nitrogen metabolism.

42
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: little leaf symptoms and stunted growth

A

Zinc (Zn) - component of a catalyst involved in cell metabolic reactions

43
Q

Which element (macronutrient) rarely lacking in vineyards

A

Calcium (Ca) - regulates cell acidity, component of cell walls.

44
Q

This micronutrient is involved in nitrogen metabolism

A

Molybdenum (Mo)

45
Q

This micronutrient is component of the enzymes of oxidation

A

Copper (Cu) - usually no deficient in vineyard as it is often applied to grapevine in copper-containing fungicidal sprays (Bordeaux mixture)

46
Q

Following symptoms are deficiency of what element: poor fruit set, smaller berries, death of the shoot tip, yellowing between the veins of recently matured leaves

A

Boron (B) - involved in the internal regulation of growth by plant hormones.

47
Q

What are slow-migrating minerals

A

phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium

48
Q

It is important to achieve balance between which nutrionts

A

Mg versus K, N versus K, Mn versus iron (Fe)

49
Q

When is nitrogen added

A

in spring because it is the greatest period when the vines demand outstrips the soils supply at flowering

50
Q

When are P and K usually added

A

in autumn (or spring in light soils)

51
Q

What are pre-emergence herbicides

A

poorly-soluble compounds that become trapped in the upper layers of soil. Absorbed through the roots, act by inhibiting photosynthesis in young seedlings, best applied before budburst on weed-free soil.

52
Q

What are contact herbicides

A

Also called wilters or knockdown. Absorbed through green organs, stay localised, destroy those parts.

53
Q

What are systemic herbicides

A

Absorbed by the leaves, destroy whole plant, slow acting.

54
Q

When to use systemic herbicides

A

after leaf-fall if perennial weeds are present

55
Q

When to us pre-emergence herbicides

A

before budbreak and spot applications of contacts (or systematic) after budburst

56
Q

Spreading of matter onto the soil surface to suppress weed and prevent light from reaching the young weeds is called

A

Mulching

57
Q

Name some types of mulches

A

black polythene, straw, grass clippings, paper, tree bark, wood chips, marc, timber milling, sugar refining and household waste.

58
Q

What is “strategic” mulching

A

applying mulches with a high carbon:nitrogen ration (straw, paper, woodchip) on more vigorous plants. Used to reduce variability in the establishment of young vines.

59
Q

This type of irrigation is ancient, large quantities of water needed

A

flood irrigation

60
Q

Advantages of fixed and travelling sprinklers

A

overhead sprinklers, cheat to install, can be used against frost or to induce humid conditions needed for noble rot

61
Q

Disdvantages of fixed and travelling sprinklers

A

Wasteful of water, erosion, increased fungal disease. Traveling sprinklers are also labour intensive

62
Q

Which irrigation system has potential for frost protection

A

only fixed overhead sprinkler. But flood and under canopy can through soil wetting.

63
Q

Which irrigation system is least tolerant to water salinity

A

fixed overhead sprinkler

64
Q

What is Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI)

A

water stress to control vegetative and reproductive growth. Water deficit applied variably between fruit set and month after veraison.

65
Q

What is Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) disadvantages.

A

not advised for hot regions. Lower yields

66
Q

What is Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD)

A

half of the root system is dry, half is irrigated.

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