Unit 2 - Week 1 Flashcards
At what temperature is wine dormant
Below 10 C
At what temperature is optimal vine growth
22-25 C
Regional climate is called
Macroclimate
What grape varieties grow best in cool climates (below 16 C average mean temp. during growing season)
early ripening varieties will just ripen. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir.
What grape varieties grow best in moderate climate (16.5-18.5 C average mean temp. during growing season)
Medium body wines from intermediate ripening varieties. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sangiovese.
What grape varieties grow best in warm climate (18.5 -21 C average mean temp. during growing season)
Heat loving varieties (Grenache, Mourvedre). Often fortified wines.
What grape varieties grow best in hot climate (over 21 C average mean temp. during growing season)
Table and drying grapes.
Name some typical cool climate regions
Champagne, Mosel, South England, Anderson Valley, Tasmania.
Name some typical moderate climate regions
Bordeaux, N. Rhone, Rioja, Piemonte, Toscana, Coonawara, Marlborough, moderate parts of Napa and Sonoma.
Name some typical warm climate regions
South Rhone, Douro, Jerez, McLaren Vale, Paarl
Name some typical hot climate regions
San Joaquin Valley.
Site climate is called
Mesoclimate
Canopy climate is called
Microclimate
How is heat summation calculated (Amerine and Winkler)
Mean temperature for the month, subtracting 10 C and multiplying by number of days in month. Monthly sum are totaled for each of seven months of growing season.
How many Growing Degree Days (GDD) in Amerine Winkler Category I
Below 1370
How many Growing Degree Days (GDD) in Amerine Winkler Category II
1370-1650
How many Growing Degree Days (GDD) in Amerine Winkler Category III
1650-1930
How many Growing Degree Days (GDD) in Amerine Winkler Category IV
1930-2200
How many Growing Degree Days (GDD) in Amerine Winkler Category V
Over 2200
What kind of wines and what region are best in Amerine Winkler Category I
Producing finest light white wines. Areas include Chablis, Mosel Valley and Champagne.
What kind of wines and what region are best in Amerine Winkler Category II
Premium medium bodied red wines. Regions include Napa Valley, Bordeaux, North Rhone.
What kind of wines and what region are best in Amerine Winkler Category III
Premium full bodied red wines. Regions include Barossa Valley, Stellenbosch, South Rhone.
What kind of wines and what region are best in Amerine Winkler Category IV
The best fortified wines.
What kind of wines and what region are best in Amerine Winkler Category V
Adapted for bulk wines, and table and drying grapes.
What regions are in EU region A
Germany (excluding Baden), UK
What regions are in EU region B
Loire, Champagne, Alsace, Austria
What regions are in EU region C 1a
Bordeaux, South West France, Rhone, Vinho Verde
What regions are in EU region C 1b
Hungary, Trentino-Alto Adige
What regions are in EU region C2
Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence, Northern Spain (except Atlantic coast), most of Italy
What regions are in EU region C3a
Parts of Greece
What regions are in EU region C3b
Portugal (except Vinho Verde), South Spain, Puglia, Sicily, Most of Greece.
What are advantages of Clay soils
retain more moisture, more minerals
What are disadvantages of Clay soils
colder, wet clay is very sticky, swell when absorb water and shrinks when dry which cause severe cracking through which water is quickly lost, cracking also damage root systems.
What is Loam
Balanced mixture of clay, silt, and sand. Combine nutrient holding abilities of clay with good drainage capabilities of sand.
What is Limestone
Largely calcium carbonate, alkaline, free draining. Loire, Piemonte, North Spain, Burgundy,
What is Chalk
lower density than limestone so more free draining. Champagne, Jerez
What is Dolomite
High level Magnesium
What is Sandstone
Compresed sand (quartz) particles
What is Shale
Originally composed of clay, quite soft.