Unit 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
Polar
a molecule with opposite ends of the molecule with opposite charges
Hydrogen bond
bonds that water molecules form (up to 4)
Cohesion
water’s attraction to other water molecules
Adhesion
water’s attraction to other objects
Surface tension
tightness across the surface of water caused by the attraction between water molecules
Capillary Action
water’s ability to creep up thin tubes
Specific heat
how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of water
Solution
a mixture of 2 things which mix together evenly
Solvent
water
Solute
what you are dissolving
Hydrophobic
tails that are hidden in the middle of the bilayer
Hydrophilic
in groups and face the aqueous solution
Organic
molecule that is made of many carbon atoms (and hydrogen)
Macromolecules
a large molecule in a living thing, made up of carbon atoms
Carbohydrate
made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
starches and sugars
main energy source
provide plant structure
Lipids
made from hydrogen, carbon & oxygen
fates, oils, waxes, steroids
store energy
Protein
made of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
control rate of chemical reactions
help fight diseases
Nucleic Acid
made of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
stores genetic information
Saccharide
another name for sugar
Glucose
important sugar
formula is C(6)H(12)O(6)
Amino Acid
building blocks of proteins
Peptide bond
2 amino acids bonding together
Polymer
large molecule made of many smaller parts
Monomer
sub units of polymers
Enzyme
protein that changes rate of chemical reaction
Catalyst
anything that increases rate of reaction
Substrate
molecule that will bond to an enzyme
Active Site
area on an enzyme where a substrate bonds
Base
Bitter tasting
Slippery feeling
pH > 7
Have a lot of OH-
floating in water,
but very little
H+ floating in water
Denature
changes an enzymes shape
Acid
Taste sour
pH < 7
Have a lot of H+ floating in water
