Introduction to Genetics Flashcards
What is genetics?
study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next, study of heredity
the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring
Heredity
chromosomes are made of…
DNA wound around a protein
section of DNA found on the chromosome, determines traits
Gene
inharited from mom and dad, a characteristic of an individual
Traits
Who was the first person to study genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What did Mandel observe?
different traits in pea plants from one generation to the next
How many different traits did Mendel study in pea plants?
7
Mandels pea plants had _____ ______.
Contrasting characteristics
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Hybrid
Austrian Monk
Gregor Mendel
“Father of genetics”
Gregor Mendel
What were Mendels hybrids characteristics?
all offspring only 1 parent
one tall and one short parent
allowed him to make 2 conclusions
What are Mandels 2 conclusions?
characteristics are determined by genes that are passed down
The Principle of Dominance- some traits are dominant others are recessive
the ______ will “mask” the _____ trait
dominant, recessive
the “weak” trait
recessive
the “strong” trait
dominant
Are the dominate and recessive trait both pressent?
Yes
Studied pea plants to determine how traits were passed from one generation to the next
Gregor Mendel
Why did Mandel perform a 2nd cross?
he wanted to know if the recessive trait would disappear
Example of cross breeding
Mendels pea plants with contrasting characteristics mated
What did Mendel Learn?
traits are passed from parant to offspring from one gen to the next
dominant traits “mask” recessive
a form of a gene
Allele
What were the offspring when Mendel crossed the 2 tall offspring of the tall and short plant?
3 tall plants and one short
How many Allele are for every gene
2
traits for tall and short separated from each other during formation of gametes
Segregation
All alleles are represented by ___
letter
Why did the recessive trait reappear?
Segregation
Crossing over
Each sex cell formed has unique traits
the “powerful’ allele
capital
Dominant
an individuals appearance
Phynotype
the “weak” allele
lowercase
recessive
having 2 identical alleles
homozygous
having 2 different alleles
heterozygous
the combination of alleles
Genotype
