Unit 2 Vocab - States of Consciousness Flashcards
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
biological rhythms
series of bodily functions regulated by your internal clock
control cycles like sleep, wakefulness, body temp, hormone secretion, etc.
circadian rhythms
the biological clock
regualr bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
REM sleep
Rapid Eye Movement
a recurring sleep stage during which vivd dreams commonly occur
AKA paradoxical sleep bc muscles are relaxed, but other systems are active
ALPHA waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness
distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, anesthesia, or hibernation
hallucinations
false sensory experiences
(ex. seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus)
DELTA waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleed
insomnia
recurring problems in falling asleep/staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
the sufferer may lapse into REM sleep at inopportune times
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep + repeated momentary awakenings
night terrors
sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
occur during Stage 4 sleep - within two or three hours of falling asleep, rarely remembered
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities
manifest content
according to Freud - remembered storyline of a dream
latent content
according to Freud - the underlying meaning of a dream
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep depravation; created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
posthypnotic suggestions
a suggestion made to the subject while in a hypnotic trance, to be acted upon at some time after emerging from the trance
dissociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug that is marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug discontinued
psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use despite adverse consequences
depressants
drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, etc.) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
opiates
opium and its derivatives (morphine, heroin)
depress neural activity, temporarily lessen pain and anxiety
stimulants
drugs (caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up bodily functions and associated energy and mood changes
methamphetamines
a powerful addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
over time - appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
ecstasy (MDMA)
synthetic drug that alters mood and perception
hallucinogens
psychadelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory inputs
LSD
a powerful hallucinogenic drug
AKA acid
THC
the major active ingredients in marijuana
triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations
near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
often similar to drug induced hallucinations
dualism
the view that the mind and body both exist as separate entities
monism
the view that the mind and body are the same entity
