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Psychology > Part of the Brain & Function > Flashcards

Part of the Brain & Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Main Parts of the Brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

produces higher functioning roles: thinking, learning, memory, language, emotion, movement, perception
*largest part of brain consisting of grey matter (cerebral cortex) and white matter (center)
*divided into hemispheres (L/R)
*contains the lobes of the brain (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital)

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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

responsible for monitoring and regulating behaviors, especially automatic movements, regulates posture and balance, involved in learning and attention
*located under cerebrum
*contains many neurons

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4
Q

Brainstem

A

acts as a relay station, regulated automatic functions (sleep cycles, breathing, temperature, digestion, coughing, sneezing)
*connects cerebrum and cerebellum to spinal cord
*located at base of brain

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5
Q

Right vs. Left

A

right hemisphere: controls L half of body, associated w/ visualization, depth perception, spatial navigation
left hemisphere: controls R half of body, associated w/ language (Broca’s, Wernicke’s Areas)
*connected by corpus callosum which allows for communication and shared info processing

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6
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

main functions associated w/ higher cognitive funcions: problem solving, decision-making, attention, intelligence, voluntary behaviors
*located at front of brain
*contains motor cortex (planning and coordinating movements)

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7
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

initiates higher level cognitive functioning
*within frontal lobes
*Broca’s Area located here

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8
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

main functions are understanding larnguage, memory acquisition, face/object recognition, perception, auditory info processing
*located on either side of brain
*L side: language, learning, memorizing, word formation, verbal memory (more dominant)
*R side: learning and memorizing non-verbal info, determining facial expressions

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9
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

integrated info from senses to allow us to build a coherent picture, allows us to perceive our bodies through somatosensory info, aids in visuospatial processing, reading, # representation
*located at top of brain btwn frontal and occipital, above temporal
*contain somatosensory cortex: receives/processes sensory info, makes representational map of body

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10
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

assess the size, depth, distance, color info, object and facial recognition, mapping of visual world
*receive sensory info from eyes to encode that into diff visual data
*located at back of brain

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11
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

wide surface area for many neurons and large amounts of info processing
*surface of the cerebrum
*wrinkled appearance - gyri (bulge) and sulci (furrow)
*primarily grey matter

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12
Q

Amygdala

A

processes emotions and fear, ties emotional meaning to memories, processing rewards, decision making, fight-or-flight response
*structure in deep brain
*part of limbic system

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13
Q

Limbic System

A

neural network that mediates emotion and memory

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14
Q

Thalamus

A

relays sensory/motor info and contributes to attention, perception, timing, movement
*relays info btwn cerebral cortex, brain stem, and other cortical structures

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15
Q

Hypothalamus

A

modulates behavioral and physiological functions, control autonomic functions: hunger, thirst, temperature, sexual activity
*integrates info from diff brain parts
*responds to stimuli like light, odor, stress
*under thalamus

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16
Q

Hippocampus

A

associated w/ learning and memory - formation of memories, early storage for new long-term memories
*curved structure in limbic system

17
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

group of structures regulating coordination of fine motor movements: balance, posture
also plays role in reward and addiction

18
Q

Ventricles

A

fluid filled interconnected cavities within brain that provide cushioning
*extensions of the spinal cord
*filled w/ CSF

19
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells in NS that transmit info through electrochemical signals
*made up of soma, dendrite, axon, axon terminal

20
Q

Glial Cells

A

non neuronal cell in the CNS that provide neurons with nourishment, support, protection
*make up myelin sheath

21
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

12 cranial nerves linked to brain w/o passing through spinal cord, allows info to pass from face organs to brain
*olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

22
Q

Midbrain

A

responsible for movement of body and head, receiving and integrating sensory info, and regulating eye movement

23
Q

Pons

A

serves as communication center, transmits signals btwn forebrain and cerebellum

24
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

transmits signals btwn spinal cord and higher parts of brain, controls automatic activities like heartbeat and respiration, basic ANS functions, balance

25
Q

Acetylcholine

A

muscle contractions, memory, learning
*Alzheimer’s Disease

26
Q

Acetylcholine

A

muscle contractions, memory, learning
*Alzheimer’s Disease

27
Q

Dopamine

A

movement, thought processes, rewarding sensation
*Parkinsons (+)
*schizophrenia (+/- depending on symptoms)
*drug addiction

28
Q

Serotonin

A

emotional states, sleep
*depression (-)

29
Q

Norepinephrine

A

physical arousal, memory, learning
*depression (-)
*stress (-)

30
Q

GABA

A

inhibition of brain activity
*anxiety disorders

31
Q

Endorphins

A

pain, perception, positive emotion
*opiate addiction

32
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

when at rest a neuron has a negative charge w/ K+ ions inside and Na+ ions outside

33
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

AKA afferent neurons - carry incoming info from sense receptors to CNS (ANS to CNS)

34
Q

Motor Neurons

A

AKA efferent neurons - carry outgoing messages from CNS to muscles and body structures (CNS to PNS)

35
Q

Interneurons

A

CNS neurons that act as messengers btwn sensory and motor neurons

36
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

immunological feature of the CNS that acts as a semipermiable barrier, acts as a roadblock to microorganisms/viruses/chemicals/etc. in the blood

Psychology (19 decks)

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