Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
Overpopulation
The population is too great for the local environment to support it.
(EX: In China, the one-child policy was implemented to avoid overpopulation and the issues with it)
Population double timing
The number of years needed to double the population, assuming a constant rate of increase. Divide the rate buy 70 for more accuracy. Rate of natural increase effects this (EX: 21st century rate is 54 years)
Population density: arithmetic
-“Average density”
-Total population divided by total land area
(EX: U.S. density is 34.3)
Population density: Physiological
- “Farmland density”
-Total population divided by total arable land area
(EX: 190.5-> how much we can produce on our land)
Population density: Agricultural
-“Farmer density”
-Total number of farmers divided by total arable land area
(EX: America may have a lower one because we use machines rather than real farmers)
Carrying capacity
The number of people that can be supported in an area given the technology of production
(EX: There is a low carrying capacity in an area like Kenya, because they don’t have a lot of tractors and other agricultural tech to make a lot of food)
Dependency ratio
- The number of people who are too old or young to work and has to depend on the working class
- (# of people 0-14) +(# of people 65+) divided by (# of people 15-64 “workforce”)
Population pyramids
- The number of people who are too old or young to work and has to depend on the working class
- (# of people 0-14) +(# of people 65+) divided by (# of people 15-64 “workforce”)
Population pyramids
Normally shows the percentage of the total population in 5 year age groups, with the youngest group (0 to 4 years old) at the base of the pyramid and the oldest group at the top
EX: The shape is triangle which shows rapid growth
Demographic transition model
A model consisting of four stages that helps to explain the rising and falling of natural increase over time in a country.
-Historically no country has reverted back to a previous stage
EX: Stage 2 has a triangle shape and has rapid growth, and no country is in stage 1 anymore
Industrial revolution
Caused a historical migration because America’s economy was booming and people wanted to come over and join in on the financial gain.
EX: it is like the migration west, people move for better economic status
Thomas malthus/Malthusian theory
Claimed the population was growing faster than the increase in food supply. His model predicted the world population to quadruple over the course of 50 years. When resources and land cannot supply the population
EX: It was prove wrong because the population has not increased to outpace food production
Epidemiological transisition
Epidemiology is the branch of medical science concerned with the incidents distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among the population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.
Epidemiological transition focuses on distinct health threats in each stage of the demographic transition
EX: An example is the bubonic plague in the 1st stage
Pandemic
A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. Occurs during stage 2 receding pandemic (rapidly declining CDR)
EX: Flu pandemic
Epidemic
A disease that is only in a certain area and not widespread across the world.
EX: The black death
Antinatialist policies
Against having more births
- China’s one child policy
- Fines for having more kids, pressure to abort a pregnancy forced sterilization accompanied 2nd pregnancies
Pronatalist policies
Encouraging more births
- Mao wanted China to grow more
- Russia wanted population to grow them so they passed out medals to women who gave birth to a lot of kids
Chain migration
Describes the way that many migrants choose a new place to live. Migrants from a particular town follow other migrants from the same town to a particular destination
EX: People from the same city in Mexico go to the same area
Push factors
A force that induces people to move out of their present location
EX: Cultural (forced migration because of political unrest or slavery) and environmental (harsh conditions tend to push people out)
Pull Factors
A force that induces people to move into a new location
EX: Economic (more jobs, better pay, etc), Environmental (Appealing conditions tend to pull people like Florida)
Asylum
The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
EX: leaving Iran bc of war to seek asylum in USA
Refugees
A person who has been forced to migrate to avoid a potential threat to his or her life and he or she cannot return for fear of persecution. Forced migration
EX: Leaving Germany when the Holocaust happened
Internally displaced person
Similar to a refugee, but he or she has not migrated across an international border
EX: Nationalist party leaving China for Taiwan
Forced vs voluntary migration
When you move against your will so that you don’t die. Voluntary is when you move to make your life and you choose to move
EX: moving to avoid war or moving to America for more jobs
