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AP Human Geography > Unit 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Place

A

A specific point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic (ex: Illinois, Antarctica)

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2
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place

EX: Climate, vegetation, water sources, topography

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3
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a place on Earth’s surface

EX: Los Angeles

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4
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition
(EX: Ancient Greek civilization)

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5
Q

Globalization

A

Actions of processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
(EX: Nutella-> gets ingredients from different places, and combines)

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6
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate

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7
Q

Geographic information system (GSI)

A

A computer system that stores, organizer, analyzes, and displays geographic data
(EX: stores road maps)

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8
Q

Cartography

A

The science of making maps

EX:Making the mercator, the friend of Amerigo that named America

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9
Q

Map scale

A

The relationship between the size of the object on a map and the and the size of the actual feature on earth’s surface.
(EX: Size of earth is 6 inches and real size is 9,000,000 sq km)

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10
Q

Geographic/Global Positioning system (GPS)

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through s series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
(EX: Using GPS to find where woodfleid mall is)

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11
Q

Remote sensing

A

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long- distance methods
(EX: Being able to see hurricanes move across oceans)

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12
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The concept that the physical environment determines social development. Human culture is at the mercy of the physical environment and we can do little to change it
(EX: If you live an area with little food, you and your group will value food or fight over it)

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13
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.

EX: Some people in Asia dig out caves to live in

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14
Q

Possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
(EX: humans live in a cold area, but build fires and igloos to keep warm)

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15
Q

Mental map

A

A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located.
(EX: People’s perception of where the South of USA is)

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16
Q

Map

A

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it
(EX: A road map)

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17
Q

Sustainability

A

The use of the Earth’s renewable and non renewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future
(EX: our use of oil)

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18
Q

Climate

A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location
(EX: The climate of Florida is hot and sunny)

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19
Q

Greenwich mean time (GMT)

A

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude
(Ex: it runs through Greenwich Britain. To the left or right of the both 20 degrees)

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20
Q

International date line

A

Kind of follows 180 degrees longitude
-You turn the clock +24 hrs if you go east (to America) and -24 hrs if you go west (to China)
(Ex: i went to China and my phone turned the clock back to Monday)

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21
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
-comes first in longitude and latitude
(EX: 30 degrees north)

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22
Q

Longitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0 degrees). Goes from the north to south poles
(Ex: 40 degrees east)

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23
Q

Longitude v latitude

A

Latitude (parallels) is parallel to the equator and longitude (meridians) goes north to south
(EX; 40 degrees north, 12 degrees east)

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24
Q

Prime meridian v Equator

A

The 0 degrees for the longitude (PM) and latitude (Ex: prime meridian is at 0 degrees longitude and latitude is at 0 degrees latitude

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25
Q

Preservation v Conservation

A

Conservation is the management of a natural resource preservation is keeping the resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible . Conservation is management, preservation is not touching it.
(We preserve fossils. We conserve oi

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26
Q

Geographic grid

A

A system of imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on Earth’s surface
(Ex: Each is figured out from Longitude and Latitude. It is both longitude and latitude overlayed each other. My house is at 43 degrees south, 80 degrees west)

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27
Q

Resources: renewable v. nonrenewable

A

Renewable is theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans. Nonrenewable is when the resource is produced in nature more slowly than it is used by humans
(EX: renewable- paper, nonrenewable- fossil fuel, natural gas)

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28
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Coined the term geography

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29
Q

Geography

A

The study of where things are found on Earth’s surface and the reason for the location
(EX: Most early civilizations are found near water sources because people want to have easy access to water so that they can survive)

30
Q

Distance decay

A

Trailing off phenomenon of diminishing contact with the increase of distance
(Ex: If you move away from your best friend and you don’t have a phone, you won’t be able to talk to him/her)

31
Q

Ecology and ecosystem

A

Ecology- the branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms to one another and their surroundings.
Ecosystem- a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
(Ex: The bees interact with themselves and the ecosystem when they pollinate to make money)

32
Q

Biotic system: biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms
(EX: Cats, fish, krill, and kangaroos are part of the biosphere)

33
Q

Space-time compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
(EX: before it took months to cross the Oregon Trial to California, now we can get there in hours)

34
Q

Transnational corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located
(Buick is from General Motors in America, but they sell Buicks to China)

35
Q

Abiotic systems

A

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

EX: the air, sun, water

36
Q

Abiotic systems: Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

EX: the ozone int he atmosphere is breaking apart because of pollution

37
Q

Abiotic systems: Lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust
(EX: the crust includes the tectonic plates and magma)

38
Q

Abiotic systems: hydrosphere

A

All of the water on and near Earth’s surface

The Pacific Ocean is a part of the hyrdosphere

39
Q

Diffusion: Relocation

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
(EX: People from Germany relocate to Berlin in America)

40
Q

Diffusion: Stimulus

A

The spread of an underlying principal even though a specific characteristic is rejected
(EX: DVDs spread, but not Blu ray)

41
Q

Diffusion: Hierarchical

A

The spread of a feature or tend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
(EX: the first iphones were only bought by rich powerful ppl)

42
Q

Region: formal

A

-AKA uniform or homogeneous region
An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
(EX: all people born in America are Americans)

43
Q

Region: Functional

A

-AKA nodal region
An area organized around a node or focal point
(EX: radio station broadcast range)

44
Q

Regional: Vernacular

A
  • AKA perceptual region
    An area that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity
    (EX: where people think the USA South is)
45
Q

Distribution properties: Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
(The population density of Azerbaijan is 1.06 total density per million people)

46
Q

Distribution properties: Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given area

EX: People are more concentration in the city than in the country

47
Q

Distribution properties: Pattern

A 
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
(EX: Our tables in class are arranged in pods)
48
Q

Reference maps: Political

A

Shows boundaries of countries, states, entities, etc

EX: Illinois is a state with a boundary

49
Q

Reference maps: Physical

A

Shows physical features like rivers, oceans, elevation, water
(EX: A map of Egypt that shows the nile river)

50
Q

Reference maps: Road

A

Shows roads and routes

EX: a road map shows which roads lead east to west and north to south and which road leads to where

51
Q

Map projections: Mercator

A

A type of map that is flat. Direction is good (meridians and parallels are at right angles like at real life). Shape isn’t bad.
Size is distorted. Especially towards the poles
(Ex: a projection map)

52
Q

Map projections: Robinson

A

It is round and kind of globular. It solves some of the problems with Mercators. Everything is slightly distorted. Shape, size, distance, direction is bad
(EX: a projection map)

53
Q

Map projections: (Gall) Peters projection

A

Everything is squished. Flat 2-d views. It is less Eurocentric. Size and relative size is correct. Shaped is distorted
(EX: is a projection map)

54
Q

Thematic maps: Chloropleth

A

A thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones
(EX: the map for which states are democrats and republicans)

55
Q

Thematic maps type

A

Chloropleth, Dot distribution, graduated/ proportional symbol, isoline (contour), topographic, cartogram

56
Q

Thematic maps: Dot distribution

A

A thematic map in which a dot is used to represent some frequency of a variable in the mapped area
(EX: shows outbreaks of West Nile disease)

57
Q

Thematic maps: Statistical/Graduated/proportional symbol

A

A map that represents statistics

EX: shows which percents of illinois support bruce rauner or others

58
Q

Thematic maps: Isoline (contour)

A

Points of equal elevation are connected on these maps
-Swurvy lines that represent varying levels of something
-Topographic
(EX: Weather maps group together ears with similar temperatures)

59
Q

Thematic maps: Topographic

A

-A type of isoline
-Has swurvy lines
-The lines represent varying levels of something
(EX: some maps group areas of similar elevation)

60
Q

Thematic maps: Cartogram map

A

Thematic map in which a theme is substituted for land area mass
-Themes could include GDP, Population, political influence
(EX: A map that shows which areas use y’all often)

61
Q

Carl Sauer

A

oined the term cultural landscape

An area is determined by it’s culutre. North or south China

62
Q

Location: Absolute and relative/Situation

A

Absolute is the exact location like coordinates. Relative/situation is the location of the place in relation to other places
(Absolute- 22 degrees south, 58 degrees east)
(Relative- The Apple store is across from noodles and company)

63
Q

Cultural ecology

A

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
(EX: Humans in cold areas wear fur coats, build igloos and fires)

64
Q

Physical v Human Geography

A

Physical-> maps, elevation, mountains, roads, etc (the appalachian mountians are in the west)
Human-> where ppl are (People are by water sources so that they don’t die)

65
Q

Regionalization

A

The tendency to form decentralized regions. Breaks up a big piece into small pieces
(EX: America is broken up into states)

66
Q

Map projection: Conic

A

Like putting a cone on the earth. A semi-circle, looks like the top of a cone around earth
(A projection map)

67
Q

Geographic scale

A

The geographical extent of what is in study

EX: America is 9,000,000 sq km in area

68
Q

Spatial interation and spatial association

A

Interaction: The further something is away, the less likely you are to interact
(EX: I don’t interact with people from France because I can’t reach them without a phone, flow of products)

Association: How things are similarly arranged in space
(EX: Gas stations usually line busy roads)

69
Q

Field observation

A

Observing the features of the Earth by going to them so that you can make maps of them
(Ex: That one explorer went around the tip of Africa and we learned that there was a tip of Africa and that you can go around Africa)

70
Q

Geographic models

A

A representation of the real geography. maps, Globes, projections
(EX: Globe, Mercator map, robinson projection)

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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