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AQA A Level History- 2Q- The American Dream Reality and Illusion > Unit 2: Topic 4: African Americans in the North and South > Flashcards

Unit 2: Topic 4: African Americans in the North and South Flashcards

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1
Q

How many black citizens lived in poverty compared to white citizens?

A
  • 56% black
  • 18% whitess
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2
Q

Which organisation fought for integration of racist trade unions?

A

The National Urban League

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3
Q

How many branches did CORE have at the end of Eisenhower’s Presidency?

A

53 branches

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4
Q

Which road was a key dividing line between black and white people in the North?

A

The 8 mile road

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5
Q

Which sports organisations contained more black players?

A
  • The National Hockey League
  • The National Basketball Association
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6
Q

Who was the first African American to win the Nobel Peace Prize and when?

A
  • 1950
  • Ralph Bunche
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7
Q

How many black members were in the House of Representatives during Eisenhower’s Presidency?

A

4

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8
Q

Name the 4 black members in the House of Representatives during Eisenhower’s presidency.

A
  • Adam Clayton Powell
  • William L Dawson
  • Charles Diggs
  • Robert Nix
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9
Q

Which contraversial television programme documented the Nation of Islam and who starred in it?

A
  • The Hate That Hate Produced
  • Louis X
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10
Q

When was the Hate that Hate Produced released?

A

1959

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11
Q

How many Americans owned a TV by 1960 enabling civil rights to be broadcast?

A

90%

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12
Q

When was Plessy v. Fergusson ruling seperate but equal?

A

1896

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13
Q

When was the Borwn vs Board case?

A

1953-54

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14
Q

How many people were involved in the Brown v. Board court case?

A

Linda Brown and 5 others

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15
Q

When was Plessey v. Fergusson?

A

1896

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16
Q

Which lawyer argued on behalf of the NAACP in Brown v. Board?

A

Thurgood Marshall

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17
Q

Which test showed seperate was unequal and who led it?

A
  • The Dolls Test
  • Kenneth Clark
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18
Q

What did the Dolls Test involve?

A
  • 16 African American children showed a white and a black doll
  • 10 said they preferred the white doll
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19
Q

Which Chief Justice gave the Brown Ruling?

A

Earl Warren

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20
Q

Which Chief Justice replaced who in the Brown v. Board case?

A
  • Earl Warren
  • Replaced Chief Justice Fred Vinson
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21
Q

When was the Brown ruling?

A

May 1954

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22
Q

What did the Brown ruling say?

A

‘separate is inherantly unequal’

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23
Q

Which ammendment did the Brown ruling quote?

A

The 14th Ammendment

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24
Q

How many schools were segregated in Washington and within the border states within a year?

A

70%

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25
Q

How many schools within the Deep South were integrated by 1957?

A

Less than 12%

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26
Q

When was the Brown II ruling and what did it dictate?

A
  • 1955
  • With all deliberate speed
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27
Q

How many members joined White Citizens councils and when?

A
  • 1956
  • 250,000
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28
Q

When was the Souterhn Manifesto?

A

1956

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

How many Dixiecrat congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto?

A
  • 101
  • 1/5 Congress
  • All Southern states except 2 senators
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31
Q

What did the Southern Manifesto vow to do?

A

Oppose Brown v. Board by ‘all lawful means’

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32
Q

When was Autherine Lucy accepted into the University of Alabama?

A

1955

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33
Q

When did the NAACP fight and win the Lucy v. Adams case?

A

1955

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34
Q

When was Autherine Lucy expelled from the university of Alabama?

A

1956

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35
Q

When was Emmett Till murdered?

A

1955

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36
Q

Who murdered Emmett Till?

A

Rob Bryant and JW Millam

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37
Q

How much did Till’s murderers sell their story for>

A

$4,000

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38
Q

When was the Little Rock crisis?

A

1957

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39
Q

Who entered Little Rock Central High School?

A

The Little Rock 9

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40
Q

Where is Little Rock?

A

Arkansas

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41
Q

How many federal troops did Eisenhower send to Little Rock?

A

1,000

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42
Q

Who was the governor of Arkansas?

A

Orval Faubus

43
Q

Who introduced the massive resistance campaign to close schools to stop integration?

A

Senator Harry Byrd

44
Q

Who was the student who was famously harrassed alone outside Little Rock?

A

Elizabeth Eckford

45
Q

When did Faubus close Little Rock schools?

A

1958-59

46
Q

What did the year with little education in the South due to school closure become known as?

A

‘The Lost Year’

47
Q

When was Cooper v. Aaron?

A

1958

48
Q

What did Cooper v. Aaron dictate?

A

States had to enforce the Supreme courts deision even if they disagreed.

49
Q

Which ruling was defied by Little Rock?

A

Cooper v. Aaron

50
Q

When did Faubus close all the schools in Little Rock and what did the year become known as?

A
  • 1958-59
  • The Lost Year
51
Q

How many times was Faubus re-elected as governor of Aransas?

A

4 times

52
Q

What did Gallup polls say about Orval Faubus?

A

He was one of the most admired men in America.

53
Q

How many troops did Eisenhower send to Arkansas?

A

1,000 US Troops

54
Q

How much revenue from the bus companies came from the black people of Alabama?

A

75%

55
Q

Which was the first bus boycott that inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott and when was it?

A
  • 1953
  • Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
56
Q

When was the Montgomery bus Boycott?

A

1955-56

57
Q

How much was Parks fined for sitting in the ‘wrong seat’ of the bus?

A

$10

58
Q

Who helped to organise the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A
  • The Montgomery Improvement Association
  • The NAACP
  • Martin Luther King
59
Q

What did the MIA organise to help people with transport during the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

Car Pools

60
Q

How many threatening letters did Martin Luther King recieve a day?

A

30-40

61
Q

When was Martin Luther Kings house bombed?

A

1956

62
Q

How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?

A

Over a year

63
Q

How many people took part in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

50,000

64
Q

How much revenue did the Montgomery bus Companies loose per day as a result of the Boycott?

A

75%

65
Q

Which supreme court ruling made segregation illegal on intrastate transport?

A

Browder v. Gayle

66
Q

When was the Browder v. Gayle court ruling?

A

1956

67
Q

Which Civil Rights group did Martin Luther King form?

A

SCLC

68
Q

When was the SCLC formed?

A

1957

69
Q

How many KKK members drove through the black region of Montgomery while the black citizens waved at them after the Browder ruling?

A

40 car loads

70
Q

When was the Browder v. Gayle ruling?

A

1956

71
Q

Who took part in the Browder v. Gayle court case?

A

5 women who had been discriminated against on buses- not Parks but Aurelia S. Browder

72
Q

What was the Browder v. Gayle ruling?

A

The Supreme court declared Brown v. Board applied to intrastate buses and that segregation on intrastate buses was unconstitutional by the 14th Ammendment

73
Q

What did the Browder ruling ensure?

A

Montgomery buses were integrated.

74
Q

When were the Greensboro sit ins?

A

1960

75
Q

Who initiated the Greensboro sit ins?

A

4 black students

W

76
Q

Where did the Greensboro sit ins occur?

A

Woolworths

77
Q

When did the Greensboro sit ins begin to spread nationally and how many protestors were tehre?

A
  • 5-6th February
  • 1,000 protestors
78
Q

How widespread were the Greensboro sit ins?

A
  • 100 Southern cities
  • 50,000 students
79
Q

How many people were arrested for the Greensboro sit ins?

A

3,600

80
Q

When did Woolworths agree to integrate their lunch counter?

A

6 months later

81
Q

By how much were Woolworth’s profits decreased during the sit ins?

A

1/3

82
Q

How many cities agreed to desegregate public places and when?

A
  • 150 cities
  • 1961
83
Q

Which organisation was formed after the Greensboro sit ins?

A

The Student Non-Violent Coodinating Comittee (SNCC)

84
Q

What prison sentence was King given for joining a sit in?

A

Hard labour

85
Q

How many people were arrested in the sit ins by police who ignored white attackers?

A

3,600

86
Q

From when did the Democrat’s Party Platform support civil rights?

A

1948- Truman

87
Q

Which political party had the only 4 black representatives in the House of Representatives?

A

The Democrats

88
Q

How many Southern States had Eisenhower won the support of?

A

5 Southern States

89
Q

How many African Americans did the Republicans have in their staff?

A

One

90
Q

Which Republican Party Platforms mentioned Civil rights?

A
  • 1952
  • 1956
91
Q

Which Republican Party Platform didn’t mention states rights?

A

1956

When we

92
Q

When were the two civil Rights Bills?

A

1957 and 1960

93
Q

How many Southern African Americans weren’t registered to vote?

A

80%

94
Q

How many black Mississipians were registered to vote?

A

7,000/900,000

95
Q

When did Nixon visit Ghana and meet Martin Luther King?

A

1957

96
Q

Which organisation watered down the 1957 civil rights bill?

A

Congressional Comittees.

97
Q

Who was put in charge of the Democratic Congressional comittee?

A

Mississippi Senator James Eastalnd

98
Q

How long did Strom Thurmond filibuster for?

A

24 hours

99
Q

What did the 1957 Civil Rights Bill establish?

A
  • A 6 member Civil Rights Comission
  • An Assistant Attorney General on Civil rights
  • Blocking registration to vote a crime- fine of up to $1,000 or 6 months imprisonment
100
Q

How long had it been since Civil Rights legislation had been passed before the civil rights bill?

A

82 years

W

101
Q

What did the 1960 Civil Rights Bill state?

A

Penalties for obstructing people from voting

102
Q

How many black voters wre acted on by the 1960 electoral roll?

A

3%

103
Q

What was the 1960 civil rights bill watered down by?

A

Congressional Committees

AQA A Level History- 2Q- The American Dream Reality and Illusion (12 decks)

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