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AQA A Level History- 2Q- The American Dream Reality and Illusion > Unit 2: Topic 3: The USA and the Cold War > Flashcards

Unit 2: Topic 3: The USA and the Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Eisenhowers key election policy also to do with foriegn policy?

A

K1C2

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2
Q

When did Eisenhower visit Korea?

A

December 1952

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3
Q

Who was reluctant for Eisenhower to withdraw from Korea?

A
  • Syngman Rhee
  • Dulles
  • Nixon
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4
Q

How long did Eisenhower negotiate with China and Korea?

A

7 months

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5
Q

When was the Armistice in Korea signed?

A

July 1953

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6
Q

Where was Korea divided after the Korean War?

A

38th Parallel

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7
Q

When did China bomb Quemoy and Matsu?

A

September 1954

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8
Q

When did Eisenhower secure the Formosa resolution?

A

January 1955

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9
Q

How many members of Congress voted for the Formosa Resolution?

A

488/494

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10
Q

When did China stop bombing Quemoy and Matsu?

A

May 1955

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11
Q

When did Quemoy and Matsu get invaded again?

A

1958

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12
Q

When was Dien Bien Phu?

A

1954

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13
Q

When did peace talks begin in Geneva over Vietnam and what was this called?

A
  • The Geneva Conference
  • May 1954
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14
Q

Who was the leader of the rebellion against the French in Vietnam?

A

Ho Chi Minh

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15
Q

Who were the key key members of SEATO?

A
  • France
  • US
  • Britain
  • Australia
  • New Zealand
  • Other South East Asian Countries.
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16
Q

When were the Geneva Accords signed?

A

July 1954

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17
Q

When was Vietnam supposed to be reunified by under the Geneva accords?

A

June 1956

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18
Q

Who was the corrupt leader of Vietnam installed by Eisenhower?

A

Ngo Dinh Diem

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19
Q

How much aid and advisors did Eisenhower give Diem by when?

A
  • 1961
  • $7 billion
  • 1,000 American advisors
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20
Q

How much of the vote did Ngo Dinh Diem win in fraudulent elections?

A

98% of the vote

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21
Q

What organisation was founded that wanted to overthrow the South Vietnamese Government and when?

A
  • National Liberation Front.
  • 1960
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22
Q

When was CENTO created?

A

1955.

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23
Q

What treaty organisation was set up in South East Asia?

A

SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organisation)

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24
Q

Which treaty organisation was set up in the Middle East?

A

Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO)

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25
Q

Who were the members of CENTO and when did the US become an associate member?

A
  • Iran
  • Iraq
  • UK
  • Pakistan
  • Turkey
  • US- 1959
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26
Q

When did Eisenhower issue the Eisenhower doctrine?

A

January 1957.

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27
Q

How much funding did the Eisenhower doctrine have?

A

$200 million.

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28
Q

What state did Egypt and Syria merge into and when?

A
  • The United Arab Republic (UAR).
  • February 1958
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29
Q

When did Eisenhower intervene in Lebanon due to fears after Iraqi monarchy assassination and rebellion after President tried to change the constitution?

A

1958.

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30
Q

Who did the CIA rig the election in Lebanon for?

A

Pro-western President Camile Chamoun

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31
Q

Which Lebanese President tried to change the Lebanese constitution to extend his power leading to a revolt supported by Syria?

A

1958

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32
Q

How long were US troops in Lebanon?

A

A month.

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33
Q

Who was the Iranian Prime Minister who was deposed with the help of the CIA?

A

Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh.

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34
Q

When did Mohammed Mosaddegh decide to nationalise the Iranian oil industry?

A

1951.

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35
Q

When did Eisenhower and Dulles approve a plan to depose the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh?

A

1953.

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36
Q

How much oil did the new Pro-American Shah of Iran give US oil companies?

A

40%.

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37
Q

When was the Pro Western Iraqi monarchy overthrown and replaced with a left leaning government?

A

1958.

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38
Q

Who was the Egyptian leader who fronted the Arab nationalist regime?

A

Gamal Abdul Nasser

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39
Q

When did the US face further problems in Iran?

A

The 1980s.

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40
Q

When was the Suez crisis?

A

1956.

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41
Q

When did the US unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow Nasser using the CIA?

A

1957.

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42
Q

When did Eisenhower give his ‘A Chance for Peace’ speech?

A

1953.

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43
Q

When was the Geneva summit?

A

1955.

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44
Q

How long had it been at the Geneva summit since US and Soviet leaders had met?

A

10 years since Potsdam

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45
Q

When did Khrushchev order western troops to leave Berlin (the Berlin crisis)?

A

1958.

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46
Q

When was the Berlin Wall built due to Eisenhower’s failure to deal with issues in Berlin?

A

1961.

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47
Q

When did the Soviets announce they had shot down a U2 spy plane in Soviet territory?

A

1960.

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48
Q

Who was the pilot in the U2 plane, the Soviets shot down?

A

Gary Powers

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49
Q

What route was the U2 pilot taking over the Soviet Union?

A

Pakistan flying over the USSR to Norway.

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50
Q

Which countries protested against the US for using spy planes unauthorised over their territory?

A

Norway, Turkey and Pakistan

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51
Q

When was the Paris Summit?

A

1960.

52
Q

For how long did Khrushchev demand negotiations should be stopped by at the Paris Summit?

A

6 months until Eisenhower was gone from the presidency.

53
Q

What conditions did Khrushchev demand in the Paris summit to continue negotiations?

A
  • An apology from Eisenhower.
  • Punishments for the people responsible for the U2 plane.
  • The stopping of flights over Soviet territory.
54
Q

When did the CIA help to leak Khrushchev’s Secret Speech?

A

1956.

55
Q

Which radio company did the CIA control that encouraged rebellions in Hungary?

A

Radio Free Europe.

56
Q

Which Hungarian leader was overthrown by the Hungarian rebels?

A

Rakosi

57
Q

Which liberal Hungarian leader proposed radical new policy for Hungary?

A

Imre Nagy

58
Q

What did Imre Nagy promise in Hungary?

A
  • Free elections
  • Restoration of farms to priviate property
  • Neutrality in the Cold War
  • Hungary leaving the Warsaw Pact
59
Q

How many troops did Khrushchev send to Hungary?

A

250,000

60
Q

How many Hungarians were killed and fled during Khrushchev’s campaign in Hungary?

A
  • 3,000 Hungarians killed
  • 200,000 Hungarians fled
61
Q

Which harsh communist leader did Khrushchev instal in Hungary after the rebellion?

A

Janos Kadar

62
Q

When did the US enter the Vietnam war?

A

1964

63
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact?

A

May 1955

64
Q

How much oil did the Middle East have?

A

1/2 the world’s oil

65
Q

How much military spending did Truman propose that Eisenhower had to cut down?

A

$50 billion

66
Q

Who was Secretary of State under Eisenhower?

A

John Foster Dulles

67
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

March 1953

68
Q

Who took over after Stalin died and what did they want?

A
  • Beria
  • Neutral Germany
  • End of Korean War
69
Q

Who took over second after Stalin died and what did they want?

A
  • Georgy Malenkov
  • Economic modernisation
  • Thaw in relations to prevent destruction- peace and mutual understanding.
70
Q

Who eventually became the undisputed leader of the USSR?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

71
Q

When was Eisenhowers ‘Chance for Peace Speech’?

A

April 1953

72
Q

When and where did Khruschev give his ‘secret speech’ about peaceful coexistance?

A
  • 20th Party Congress
  • 1956
73
Q

Who attended the Geneva Summit and when was it?

A
  • The Big Four (USA, France, Britain, Russia)
  • 1955
74
Q

What suggestion did Eisenhower make at the Geneva Summit that was rejected?

A
  • ‘open skies’ policy.
  • Each side free to monitor each others arms build up.
75
Q

When was the Foriegn Ministers Confernece in Geneva and what was discussed?

A
  • June 1959
  • The Berlin Problem
76
Q

When was the ‘Kitchen Debate’ and what was it?

A
  • July 1959
  • Debate in Moscow between Khruschev and VP Nixon.
  • Friendly discussion about capitalism vs. communism.
77
Q

When did Khruschev visit the US and how long for?

A
  • September 1959
  • 11 day tour
78
Q

What happened during Khruschev’s visit to the US?

A
  • Toured the US
  • Visited Camp David presidential retreat and talked about Berlin and disarmament.
79
Q

What was the significance of Khrushchev’s visit to the US?

A
  • First time a USSR leader had gone to the US
  • Signalled a thaw, personal diplomacy policy and peaceful coexistance
80
Q

When did the Soviets launch Sputnik 1 into space, starting the Space Race?

A

IOctober 1957

81
Q

When did the Soviets Luna III take pictures of the far side of the moon?

A

1959

82
Q

When did 2 Soviet dogs get launched into space and safely return?

A

August 1960

83
Q
A
84
Q

When did the US attempt to launch satellite Vanguard TV-3 (Kaputnik) into space?

A

1957

85
Q

**

When was the first American Satelite (unimpressively small) launched into space and what was it called?

A
  • Explorer 1
  • 1958
86
Q

How much military spending did the US have?

A

18% GNP

87
Q

How much military spending did the British and French have after the formation of NATO?

A

10% GNP

88
Q

How many atomic bombs did the USSR have in 1957 compared to the US despite claims of a missile gap?

A
  • 650 USSR nuclear weapons
  • 5543 US nuclear weapons
89
Q

When did the USSR catch up to the US in terms of the ‘missile gap’?

A

1978

90
Q

When was Eisenhower’s ‘atoms for peace’ speech at the UN and what happened?

A
  • 1953
  • Proposed sharing nuclear resources for peaceful means
  • Soviets disagreed and weren’t willing to igve up nuclear materials.
91
Q

When was the nuclear test ban treaty talks in Geneva?

A

1958

92
Q

When did the US detonate the first hydrogen bomb and how much destructive power did it have?

A
  • 1952
  • 7x destructive power as Hiroshima
93
Q

When did the USSR gain a hydrogen bomb?

A

1953

94
Q

How many B-29 bombers capable of launching nuclear weapons did the US have by when?

A
  • 1,000
  • 1953
95
Q

When did the US army in West Germany recieve nuclear weapons to use in battle?

A

1953

96
Q

What was US nuclear power like by 1955?

A
  • Had 1/3 of atomic bombs ready to fly in 15 minutes
  • 2,000 nulcear warheads
97
Q

When did the soviets launch the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) and how far was it’s range by when?

A
  • Launched August 1957
  • 1960- could strike 6,400km away.
98
Q

When did the Americans test their own ICBM and what happened after?

A
  • December 1957
  • Both sides positioned ICBM’s in allied countries close to enemy borders e.g. Americans in Turkey.
99
Q

What underwater nuclear invention was invented, when and what were it’s properties?

A
  • Nuclear submarines- Polaris.
  • Range of 1,600km
100
Q

When did the US and USSR have enough nuclear weapons to destroy every living thing on earth?

A

1960

101
Q

When was Allen Dulles director of the CIA?

A

1953-1961

102
Q

When was the Iranian coup?

A

1953

103
Q

When did the U2 incident occur?

A

May 1960

104
Q

**

Who was the pilot in the U2 crisis?

A

Gary Powers

105
Q

What was Gary Power’s route during the U2 crisis?

A

Froom Pakistan, over the USSR to Norway.

106
Q

Which countries protested the US after the U2 crisis?

A

Norway, Turkey, Pakistan

107
Q

When was the Paris Summit?

A

May 1960

108
Q

Which party platform made it clear Eisenhower advocated ‘liberation by all peaceful means’?

A

1956

109
Q

Which radio did the CIA use to broadcast the ‘secret speech’?

A

Radio Free Europe

110
Q

Why was Berlin a problem for Khrushchev?

A

By 1961- 20% of East Germany’s population had escaped to the West.

111
Q

When did Khruschev give an ultimatum about Berlin and what was it?

A
  • November 1958
  • All Western troops leave West Berlin in 6 months.
112
Q

When did Russia and China sign the Sino-Soviet alliance?

A

1950

113
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

March 1953

114
Q

When was SEATO created?

A
  • September 1954
  • In response to Korea and Vietnam
115
Q

What were the causes of the Quemoy and Matsu crisis?

A
  • SEATO- fears of.
  • Increasing anti-Chinese sentiment after Korean war and imprisonment of American soldiers.
  • Taiwan- strategically important as US naval base for Korea and Japan.
  • The JCS- pushed Eisenhower to intervene.
116
Q

What were the orginal plans to help the French in Vietnam that Eisenhower pulled out of after the British?

A
  • Operation Vulture.
  • Covert air support with B-26 bombers
  • 3 small atomic weapons.
117
Q

When did Eisenhower give Domino theory it’s name?

A

April 1954

118
Q

When did the Geneva Conference end and what was the agreement that Eisenhower refused to agree to?

A
  • July 1954
  • Geneva Accords to divide Vietnam into a communist North and a non-Communist South with a promise to reunify Vietnam in elections by June 1956.
119
Q

Which Middle Eastern countries did the Soviets have friendly relations with?

A
  • Iraq
  • Egypt
  • Syria
  • Libya
120
Q

When did Dulles withdraw US aid for the Aswan Dam and Nasser nationalise the Suez Canal?

A

1956

121
Q

Which countries joined a secret plot causing the Suez crisis?

A
  • Israel
  • Britain
  • France
122
Q

When did the UN vote for the creation of two seperate states in Palestine with the Jews gaining more land despite a larger Arab population and the Jews fighting the Arabs t ogain extra territory?

A

1947

123
Q

When was the state of Israel established and Truman’s recognition of it, causing Arab resentment?

A

May 1948

124
Q

When was the Arab League formed and what was it?

A
  • 1948
  • Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria
  • Leauge of nations who voted against Israel.
  • Formed the Arab Liberation Army who fought a war of independence in Israel.
125
Q

When did the UN declare Israel in permanent control of Palestine?

A

1949

AQA A Level History- 2Q- The American Dream Reality and Illusion (12 decks)

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