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National 5 Chemistry > Unit 2 - Topic 3 - Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Topic 3 - Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe vinegar

A

Vinegar is a dilute solution of ETHANOIC ACID. Its old name is ACETIC ACID.

Vinegar is used in household cleaning products and is a non-toxic acid so can be used safely in household situations.

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2
Q

What are the -COOH group of atoms called?

A

Carboxylic group

This is called the functional group as it gives the molecule the chemical properties of a CARBOXYLIC ACID.

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3
Q

Describe carboxylic acids

A

The carboxylic acids with a structure based on an alkane structure are called ALKANOIC ACIDS.

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4
Q

What does the name of the ethanoic acid tell you?

A

How many carbon atoms it contains

That is has a single carbon to carbon bond

oic means that it contains a carboxyl group (-COOH)
The carboxyl group gives the molecule acidic properties

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5
Q

Name the family of carboxylic acids

A

Alkanoic acids

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6
Q

Describe the appearance (colour and state) of ethanoic acid

A

Colourless Liquid

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7
Q

Describe the smell of ethanoic acid

A

Strong and Sharp

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8
Q

Describe the conductivity of a solution of ethanoic acid

A

Insulator

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9
Q

Describe the solubility in water of the alkanoic acids

A

Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic, and butanoic acid are all miscible in water, thereafter the solubility decreases as the size increases

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10
Q

Describe the pH (acidic, neutral, or alkaline) of ethanoic acid

A

Acidic

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11
Q

Describe the reaction with magnesium of ethanoic acid

A

Reacts slowly making H2O

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12
Q

Describe the reaction with marble (calcium carbonate) of ethanoic acid

A

Reacts slowly producing CO2

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13
Q

Describe ethanoic acid

A

A solution of ethanoic acid contains ions.

With a pH less than 7, the solution contains the hydrogen ion (H+ ).

A solution of ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium and calcium carbonate showing it is a typical acid.

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14
Q

How is etanoic acid formed?

A

Ethanoic acid is formed when ethanol undergoes mild oxidation. This reaction can happen in alcoholic drinks (e.g. wine or cider) when the ethanol reacts with oxygen from the air.

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15
Q

Describe how alkanoic acids are made

A

Alkanoic acids are made when alcohols undergo a mild oxidation reaction.

The hydroxyl group (-OH) on the alcohol molecule has to be on the end of a carbon chain to produce a carboxyl group (-COOH) during mild oxidation.

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16
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanoic acids based on?

A

The alkane general formula

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17
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanoic acids?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

The n in the formula is not related to the carbon atoms indicated by the name, as there is a carbon atom in the carboxyl group

18
Q

Give the formula of methanoic acid

A

HCOOH

19
Q

Give the formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH_3COOH

20
Q

Give the formula of propanoic acid

A

C_2H_5COOH

21
Q

Give the formula of butanoic acid

A

C_3H_7COOH

22
Q

Describe the physical properties of the alkanoic acids

A

As the number of carbon atoms in the alkanoic acid molecule increases, the boiling point increases.

As alkanoic acids increase in size their melting and boiling points increase due to the increasing strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

The alkanoic acids have similar chemical properties and have a general formula showing they are a HOMOLOGOUS SERIES.

23
Q

Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with metals

A

Metal + Acid –> Salt + Hydrogen

Carboxylic acids react with the more reactive metals to produce a salt and hydrogen. The reactions are just the same as with acids like hydrochloric acid, except they tend to be rather slower.

24
Q

Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with metal hydroxides

A

Metal Hydroxide + Acid –> Salt + Water

These are simple neutralisation reactions and are just the same as any other reaction in which hydrogen ions from an acid react with hydroxide ions. They are most quickly and easily represented by the equation:
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> H2O (l)

25
Q

Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with carbonates and hydrocarbonates

A

Metal Carbonate + Acid –> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

In both of these cases, a salt is formed together with carbon dioxide and water
You end up with a colourless solution.

26
Q

Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with salts of carboxylic acids

A

Carboxylic acids are acidic because of the hydrogen in the -COOH group. When the acids form salts, this is lost and replaced by a metal.

27
Q

Give the uses of methanoic acid

A

In ant stings

A preservative and antibacterial agent in feedstock

28
Q

Give the uses of ethanoic acid

A

Food flavouring - vinegar

A food preservative - pickling

29
Q

Give the uses of butanoic acid

A

In butter, milk and cheese

Has a cheesy smell

30
Q

Give the formula of lactic acid

A

CH_3CHOHCOOH

31
Q

Give the uses of lactic acid

A

In sour milk, yogurt, and cheese

Forms in our muscles during exercise

32
Q

What is the addition reaction called when you add water?

A

Hydration Reaction

33
Q

What is the addition reaction called when you add Hydrogen?

A

Hydrogenation Reaction

34
Q

What is the addition reaction called when you add any of the Halogens?

A

Halogenation Reaction

35
Q

What is the addition reaction called when you add Bromine?

A

Bromination Reaction

36
Q

What is the addition reaction called when you add Iodine

A

Iodination Reaction

37
Q

Describe the boiling/melting points of carboxylic acids

A

As the molecule gets larger, the number of carbons increase which means there are greater intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules. This means much more energy is needed to separate it resulting in a greater melting/boiling point.

38
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids called?

A

Carboxyl Group

39
Q

What will happen if the hydroxyl group is not at the end of a carbon chain?

A

It will not form a carboxyl group during mild oxidation

40
Q

What will happen if the hydroxyl group is at the end of a carbon chain?

A

It will form a Carboxyl group during mild oxidation

National 5 Chemistry (15 decks)

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