Unit 2 - Topic 2 - Alcohols

Question 1

Describe alcohol (ethanol) as a fuel

Answer 1

Alcohol is a flammable liquid. An apparatus can be used to identify the products of combustion of ethanol.

Question 2

What is common alcohol called?

Answer 2

Ethanol

Question 3

Describe the hydroxyl group

Answer 3

The – O-H group of atoms is called the HYDROXYL GROUP. This is called the functional group as it gives the molecule the chemical properties of an alcohol.

Question 4

What does the name of ethanol tell you?

Answer 4

Whether there is a single or double carbon to carbon bond

That it contains a hydroxyl group

How many carbon atoms there are

Question 5

Which family is ethanol a member of?

Answer 5

Alkanols

Question 6

Describe ethanol

Answer 6

Ethanol is a flammable liquid, which burns to produce water and carbon dioxide.

Ethanol is a covalent liquid.

It is neutral and miscible in water.

Ethanol is a good solvent.

Question 7

Describe the appearance (colour and state) of ethanol

Answer 7

Colourless liquid

Question 8

Describe the smell of ethanol

Answer 8

Mild smell

Question 9

Describe the conductivity of ethanol

Answer 9

Insulator

Question 10

Describe the solubility in water of ethanol

Answer 10

Miscible

Question 11

Describe the pH (acidic, neutral, or alkaline) of ethanol

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

Describe the ink of ethanol

Answer 12

Soluble

Question 13

Describe the varnish of ethanol

Answer 13

Soluble

Question 14

Describe the chlorophyll in leaves of ethanol

Answer 14

Soluble

Question 15

Describe the structure of ethanol

Answer 15

Ethanol has a similar structure to water. This is why it is miscible in water

H atom in H2O atom is substituted with an ethyl group

Question 16

Describe how ethanol is made

Answer 16

Ethanol (industrial alcohol) is made in the petrochemical industry by adding water (steam) across the C=C bond in ethene. This reaction is called HYDRATION.

Question 17

What is the general formula of the alkanol family?

Answer 17

CnH2n+1OH

Question 18

Describe the physical properties of alkanols

Answer 18

As the number of carbon atoms in the alkanol molecule increase, the boiling point increases.

The alkanols have similar chemical properties and have a general formula showing they are a homologous series.

As alkanols increase in size their melting and boiling points increase due to the increasing strength of intermolecular forces.

Question 19

Describe alkanol isomers

Answer 19

Alkanol molecules form isomers; therefore the name has to describe the structure.

The naming rules learned for hydrocarbons apply except the molecule name ends in – OL.

Question 20

What does miscible mean?

Answer 20

That it mixes with water

Question 21

What does immiscible mean?

Answer 21

That it does not mix with water

Question 22

Describe the solubility of the alkanol family

Answer 22

Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are all miscible with water, thereafter the solubility decreases as the size increases.

Question 23

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Answer 23

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