Unit 1 - Topic 3 - Atoms and Bonding Flashcards
What are rows called in the periodic table?
Periods
What are columns called in the periodic table?
Groups
How many different groups does the periodic table consist of?
8 different groups and the transition metals.
What is group 1 called?
The Alkali Metals
What is group 2 called?
The Alkali Earth Metals
What is group 7 called?
The Halogens
What is group 8/0 called?
Noble Gases
What is the middle part of the periodic table called?
The transition metals.
What do the periods relate to?
To the filling up of the energy levels with electrons.
How many energy levels are there in an atom?
7
Where are protons located?
Nucleus
Where are neutrons located?
Nucleus
Where are electrons located?
Outside the nucleus in shells/orbitals
What is the mass in amu of a proton?
1
What is the mass in amu of a neutron?
1
What is the mass in amu of an electron?
Almost 0
Why do electrons have difficulty escaping the atom?
Because they are attracted to the positively charged protons. (Opposites attract)
Why do all atoms have a neutral charge?
Because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, and these opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral.
How can you find out the number of protons in a element?
The atomic number
How can you find out the number of neutrons in a element?
Mass Number - Atomic Number
How can you find out the number of electrons in a element?
The atomic number
What is the method of showing the atomic and mass number called?
Nuclide Notation
How many electrons does the first shell require?
2
How many electrons does the second shell require?
8
What is the link between the number of electrons in an outer shell and the group number.
The number of electrons in the outer shell of all the elements in a group is the same as the group number.
Are the noble gases reactive?
No
Why are the noble gases not reactive?
The atoms of noble gases already have complete outer shells, so they have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons.
What is the atom mostly made of?
Empty space
What is the charge of the nucleus?
Positive
How many electrons does the third shell require?
8
What do electrons possess and why?
Possess energy because they orbit around the nucleus.
What happens when atoms react and join?
These electrons are the first particles the atoms meet when they approach each other to join.
The outer electrons on the atom are responsible for the chemical properties.
How many outer electrons do all of the group 1 elements have?
1
Which elements are stored in oil and why?
Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium are stored in oil to protect them from moisture and oxygen in the air.
Which elements react vigorously with water to produce an alkaline solution?
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you move down group 1?
Reactivity increases
Describe the properties of Fluorine
Pale-yellow gas
Describe the properties of Chlorine
Pale-green gas
Describe the properties of Bromine
Brown Liquid
Describe the properties of Iodine
Dark Purple Solid
How many outer electrons do the halogens have?
7
Are the elements in group 1 metals or non-metals?
Metals
Are the elements in group 2 metals or non-metals?
Metals
Are the elements in group 7 metals or non-metals?
Non-metals
Are the elements in group 8/0 metals or non-metals?
Non-metals
How many outer electrons do the noble gases have?
Apart from helium, all novel gas atoms have 8 electrons in their outer energy level. The helium atom only contains 2 electrons.
What do the chemical properties of an atom depend on?
The number of electrons in the outer energy level.
What are the smaller particles in an atom called?
Sub-Atomic Particles
How much smaller is an electron than a neutron or proton?
1850 times smaller
What charge does a proton have?
Positive
What charge does a electron have?
Negative
What charge does a neutron have?
No charge
What is the top number in nuclide notation?
Mass Number
What is the bottom number in nuclide notation?
Atomic Number
What do the number of protons in the nucleus determine
The type of atom
What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
All elements have 2 isotopes or more.
What is the average mass of an atom called?
The relative atomic mass
How are the mass of atoms measured?
Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer.
The mass spectrometer measures the masses of atoms and how much (abundance) of each isotope is present
What is relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom. It is calculated from the mass of numbers of isotopes and their abundance.
What can one-way atoms do?
Can join to transfer one or more electron(s) from one atom to another.
What happens when an electron transfers from one atom to another?
The atoms will no longer be electrically neutral.
What are charged atoms called?
Ions
What charges do metals have?
Positive
What charges do non-metals have?
Negative
What happens when an atom loses an electron?
It becomes a positively charged ion.
What happens when an atom gains an electron?
It becomes a negatively charged ion.
What happens when ions attract?
Stick together.
