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National 5 Chemistry > Unit 1 - Topic 3 - Atoms and Bonding > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Topic 3 - Atoms and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What are rows called in the periodic table?

A

Periods

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2
Q

What are columns called in the periodic table?

A

Groups

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3
Q

How many different groups does the periodic table consist of?

A

8 different groups and the transition metals.

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4
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

The Alkali Metals

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5
Q

What is group 2 called?

A

The Alkali Earth Metals

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6
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

The Halogens

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7
Q

What is group 8/0 called?

A

Noble Gases

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8
Q

What is the middle part of the periodic table called?

A

The transition metals.

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9
Q

What do the periods relate to?

A

To the filling up of the energy levels with electrons.

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10
Q

How many energy levels are there in an atom?

A

7

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11
Q

Where are protons located?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Where are neutrons located?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Outside the nucleus in shells/orbitals

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14
Q

What is the mass in amu of a proton?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the mass in amu of a neutron?

A

1

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16
Q

What is the mass in amu of an electron?

A

Almost 0

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17
Q

Why do electrons have difficulty escaping the atom?

A

Because they are attracted to the positively charged protons. (Opposites attract)

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18
Q

Why do all atoms have a neutral charge?

A

Because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, and these opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral.

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19
Q

How can you find out the number of protons in a element?

A

The atomic number

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20
Q

How can you find out the number of neutrons in a element?

A

Mass Number - Atomic Number

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21
Q

How can you find out the number of electrons in a element?

A

The atomic number

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22
Q

What is the method of showing the atomic and mass number called?

A

Nuclide Notation

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23
Q

How many electrons does the first shell require?

A

2

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24
Q

How many electrons does the second shell require?

A

8

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25
Q

What is the link between the number of electrons in an outer shell and the group number.

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell of all the elements in a group is the same as the group number.

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26
Q

Are the noble gases reactive?

A

No

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27
Q

Why are the noble gases not reactive?

A

The atoms of noble gases already have complete outer shells, so they have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons.

28
Q

What is the atom mostly made of?

A

Empty space

29
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus?

A

Positive

30
Q

How many electrons does the third shell require?

A

8

31
Q

What do electrons possess and why?

A

Possess energy because they orbit around the nucleus.

32
Q

What happens when atoms react and join?

A

These electrons are the first particles the atoms meet when they approach each other to join.

The outer electrons on the atom are responsible for the chemical properties.

33
Q

How many outer electrons do all of the group 1 elements have?

A

1

34
Q

Which elements are stored in oil and why?

A

Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium are stored in oil to protect them from moisture and oxygen in the air.

35
Q

Which elements react vigorously with water to produce an alkaline solution?

A

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

36
Q

What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you move down group 1?

A

Reactivity increases

37
Q

Describe the properties of Fluorine

A

Pale-yellow gas

38
Q

Describe the properties of Chlorine

A

Pale-green gas

39
Q

Describe the properties of Bromine

A

Brown Liquid

40
Q

Describe the properties of Iodine

A

Dark Purple Solid

41
Q

How many outer electrons do the halogens have?

A

7

42
Q

Are the elements in group 1 metals or non-metals?

A

Metals

43
Q

Are the elements in group 2 metals or non-metals?

A

Metals

44
Q

Are the elements in group 7 metals or non-metals?

A

Non-metals

45
Q

Are the elements in group 8/0 metals or non-metals?

A

Non-metals

46
Q

How many outer electrons do the noble gases have?

A

Apart from helium, all novel gas atoms have 8 electrons in their outer energy level. The helium atom only contains 2 electrons.

47
Q

What do the chemical properties of an atom depend on?

A

The number of electrons in the outer energy level.

48
Q

What are the smaller particles in an atom called?

A

Sub-Atomic Particles

49
Q

How much smaller is an electron than a neutron or proton?

A

1850 times smaller

50
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

51
Q

What charge does a electron have?

A

Negative

52
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

No charge

53
Q

What is the top number in nuclide notation?

A

Mass Number

54
Q

What is the bottom number in nuclide notation?

A

Atomic Number

55
Q

What do the number of protons in the nucleus determine

A

The type of atom

56
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

All elements have 2 isotopes or more.

57
Q

What is the average mass of an atom called?

A

The relative atomic mass

58
Q

How are the mass of atoms measured?

A

Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer.

The mass spectrometer measures the masses of atoms and how much (abundance) of each isotope is present

59
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom. It is calculated from the mass of numbers of isotopes and their abundance.

60
Q

What can one-way atoms do?

A

Can join to transfer one or more electron(s) from one atom to another.

61
Q

What happens when an electron transfers from one atom to another?

A

The atoms will no longer be electrically neutral.

62
Q

What are charged atoms called?

A

Ions

63
Q

What charges do metals have?

A

Positive

64
Q

What charges do non-metals have?

A

Negative

65
Q

What happens when an atom loses an electron?

A

It becomes a positively charged ion.

66
Q

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

A

It becomes a negatively charged ion.

67
Q

What happens when ions attract?

A

Stick together.

National 5 Chemistry (15 decks)

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