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Connexus 8: Language Arts > Unit 2: The Forces of Nature — Grammar > Flashcards

Unit 2: The Forces of Nature — Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sentence?

A

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought

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2
Q

What is a sentence fragment?

A

A group of words that expresses an incomplete thought

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3
Q

What does a subject do in a sentence?

A

The subject names the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about

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4
Q

What does the predicate do?

A

The predicate tells something about the subject

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5
Q

What are the two main parts of a sentence?

A

Subject and predicate

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6
Q

What is a complete subject?

A

A complete subject includes all the words used to identify the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about (ask “Whom?” or “What?”)

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7
Q

What is a simple subject?

A

A simple subject is the main word in the complete subject

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8
Q

True or False: Sometimes a complete subject and simple subject are the same

A

True

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9
Q

What is a complete predicate?

A

A complete predicate includes all the words that tell what the subject is doing of that tell something about the subject

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10
Q

What is a simple predicate?

A

A simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or phrase in the complete predicate

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11
Q

What is a verb phrase?

A

A verb phrase includes the main verb plus any auxiliary verbs

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12
Q

What is a compound subject?

A

A compound subject is two or more subjects in one sentence that have the same verb and are joined by a conjunction

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13
Q

What is a compound verb?

A

A compound verb is formed when two or more verbs in one sentence have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction

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14
Q

What is natural order?

A

When the subject in a sentence comes before the verb, the sentence is in natural order

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15
Q

What is inverted order?

A

When the verb or part of a verb phrase comes before the subject, the sentence is in inverted order

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16
Q

What order are questions in?

A

Inverted order

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17
Q

What order are sentences that start with “here” or “there” in?

A

Sentences that begin within”here” or “there” are in inverted order. To find the subject of these sentences drop “there” or “here”and reorder it

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18
Q

What is the subject when the subject is not stated?

A

When the subject of a sentence is not stated, the subject is an “understood you”, seen in commands

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19
Q

What are the three forms of irony in literature?

A

Verbal Irony, Dramatic Irony, and Situational Irony

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20
Q

What is verbal irony?

A

The literal meaning of someone’s words is different from the intended meaning

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21
Q

What is dramatic irony?

A

In a story, this occurs when the reader knows about a situation that the characters do not know about

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22
Q

What is situational irony?

A

This occurs when the outcome of a situation is different than what is expected

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22
Q

What is situational irony?

A

This occurs when the outcome of a situation is different than what is expected

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23
Q

What is verbal irony usually represented as?

A

Sarcasm

24
Q

What is a pun?

A

A pun is a form of verbal irony that plays on multiple, simultaneous meanings (joke)

25
Q

What is irony?

A

The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect

26
Q

How do can you fix a sentence fragment?

A

A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought because it is missing a subject or verb. You can correct a sentence fragment by adding a subject or verb, or by attaching the fragment to another sentence

27
Q

True or False: some sentence fragments result from incorrect punctuation

A

True

28
Q

What is the base of a sentence?

A

A subject and verb

29
Q

Besides a subject and verb, what do some sentences need to make them complete?

A

Many sentences also need a complement to complete their meaning. Complements include a verb’s direct and indirect object

30
Q

What is a complement?

A

A complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of subjects or verbs

31
Q

What are the four kinds of complements?

A

Direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives

32
Q

Together, a subject, a verb, and a complement form what?

A

The sentence base

33
Q

What is a direct object?

A

A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb (ask “What?” or “Whom?” after verb)

34
Q

What type of verbs do direct objects complete?

A

Action verbs

35
Q

What objects do verbs that show ownership take?

A

Direct objects

36
Q

What is a “compound direct object”?

A

Sometimes two or more direct objects, called a “compound direct object”, will follow a single verb. On the other hand, each part of a compound verb may have its own direct object

37
Q

What is an indirect object?

A

An indirect object answers the questions “To or For Whom?” or “To or For What?” after an action verb

38
Q

What comes first, an indirect or direct object in a sentence?

A

Indirect object

39
Q

What is a compound indirect object?

A

A verb in a sentence can have two or more indirect objects called a compound indirect object

40
Q

True or False: An indirect object is never part of a prepositional phrase

A

True

41
Q

True or False: you cannot have an indirect object without a direct object in a sentence

A

True

42
Q

What is a predicate nominative?

A

A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and identifies, renames, or explains the subject

43
Q

What is a subject complement?

A

A subject complement is a complement that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject

44
Q

What are the two subject complements?

A

Predicate nominative and Predicate adjective

45
Q

Can a predicate nominative be compound?

A

Yes

46
Q

Can a predicate nominative be part of a prepositional phrase?

A

No

47
Q

What is a predicate adjective?

A

An adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject

48
Q

Can predicate adjectives be compound?

A

Yes

49
Q

What is an objective complement?

A

A noun or adjective that describes or renames the direct object and usually follows the direct object

50
Q

What is case?

A

Case is the form of a noun or a pronoun that indicates its use in a sentence

51
Q

What are the three cases?

A

The nominative case, the objective case, and the possessive case. Unlike nouns, personal pronouns usually change form for each of the 3 cases

52
Q

What is nominative case?

A

Used for subject and predicate nominatives (subjective case)

53
Q

What is objective case?

A

Used for direct objects, indirect objects, and the objects of a preposition

54
Q

True or False: pronoun subjects are always in the nominative case

A

True

55
Q

What is an appositive?

A

A pronoun that is used as a subject can also have a noun appositive. An appositive is a word that comes right after the pronoun and identifies or renames it

56
Q

True or False: an appositive will never affect the case of a pronoun

A

True

57
Q
A

Sometimes using a pronoun as a predicate nominative sounds awkward even though the pronoun is correct. When you write, you can avoid awkwardness if you reword a sentence, making the predicate nominative the subject

Connexus 8: Language Arts (9 decks)

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