Unit 1: Growing Up — Grammar Flashcards
What are the Parts of Speech?
Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections, nouns, prepositions, pronouns, and verbs
In English, what is the most populous part of speech?
Nouns
What is a noun?
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea
What two categories can nouns be divided into, based on touch?
Concrete and Abstract nouns
What are concrete nouns?
A noun that names people, places, and things that you can see or touch
What are abstract nouns?
A noun that names ideas and qualities
What two categories can nouns be divided into, based of specification?
General nouns (ex: fruit) and specific nouns (ex: apple)
True or False: A proper noun can sometimes include more than one word, yet still be considered one noun
True; “Taj Mahal”
What is a compound noun?
A noun that includes more than one word
What are the three forms of a compound noun?
Hyphenated, separate words, or combined; use dictionary
What is a collective noun?
A noun that names a group of people or things
What does the term “parts of speech” refer to?
The classification of words according to their common uses in sentences
What sometimes added as the ninth part of speech?
The “Article”
What are the four basic parts of speech called?
“Form Classes” including: nouns and pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
What groups do “function words” fall into?
Prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections
What is a sentence built up from?
Words in the four basic classes
What are Demonstrative Pronouns?
Pronouns that point out a particular person or thing, including: This, That, These, Those
What is a relative pronoun?
Pronouns that join an adjective clause or a noun clause to an independent clause, including: Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose, Where, When, Why, and What
What is a Verbal?
Verbs that function as other parts of speech, such as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
What are Gerunds?
Verbs ending in “-ing” that function as nouns
What are Participles?
“Parts” of a verb that need an auxiliary, or helping, verb to function. When appearing as a participle, a verbal functions as an adjective
What are Infinitives?
Infinitives are formed by placing the word “to” in front of the present tense form of a verb. It functions as an adjective, an adverb, or noun
What is an antecedent?
The noun a pronoun refers to or replaces
What are the three categories a personal pronoun can be divided in?
1st person (Singular/Plural), 2nd person (Singular/Plural), and 3rd person (Singular/Plural)
What do reflexive and intensive pronouns do?
They refer to or emphasize another noun or pronoun. These pronouns are formed by adding “-self” of “-selves” to certain personal pronouns
What is a reflexive pronoun?
A pronoun that reflects back to a noun or a pronoun mentioned earlier in the sentence
What is an intensive pronoun?
A pronoun that is used directly after its antecedent to intensify, or emphasize, a statement
True or False: A reflexive pronoun is necessary to the meaning of a sentence, an intensive pronoun is not
True
True or false: Never use reflexive or intensive pronouns b themselves
True
What is an Indefinite pronoun?
A pronoun that refers to unnamed people, places, thing, or ideas. They often do not have definite antecedents as personal pronouns do
Plural Indefinite Pronouns:
Both, few, many, others, several
Singular/Plural Indefinite Pronouns:
All, any, more, none
What is an interrogative pronoun?
Pronouns that are used to ask questions: What, which, who, whom, and whose
What are reciprocal pronouns?
The pronouns “each other” and “one another” that show that the action is two-way
What is a verb?
A word that shows action or a state of being
What two categories can action verbs be categorized in?
Transitive and Intransitive
True or False: Most action verbs show physical action but some show mental action and ownership, or possession
True
What is an auxiliary?
Helping verb
What is a verb phrase?
A verb phrase includes a main verb plus any helping verbs
True or False: A verb phrase may contain more than one helping verb, but it may also be interrupted by other words
True
Common helping verbs of “be”:
Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Common helping verbs of “have”:
Has, have, had
Common helping verbs of “do”:
Do, does, did
Common helping verbs:
May, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would
What is a transitive verb?
An action verb that passes the action from a doer to a receiver
What is an intransitive verb?
A verb that express an action or states something about the subject, but has no object
What is a linking verb?
A verb that expresses a state of being; it connects the subject of a sentence to a word that gives information about the subject. The word either renames or describes the subject
All linking verbs are forms of what verb?
“Be”; any verb phrase ending in “be” or “been” is a form of “be” and can be used as a linking verb, but not always
What is a subject complement?
The word that renames or describes the subject
What is a proper adjective?
An adjective formed from a proper noun
What is a compound adjective?
Adjectives that are made up of two or more words
“An”, “a”, and “the” make up a special group of adjectives called what?
The Articles
What parts of speech do adverb modify?
A verb, an adjective, or another adverb
What word, and it’s contraction, is always an adverb?
“Not” and “n’t”
What are prepositions?
Words that show relationships between nouns or pronouns and another word in the sentence
What are conjunctions?
Connecting words
What is a compound preposition?
A preposition that is made up of two or more words
What is the “object of a preposition”?
The noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase
What does a prepositional phrase begin with and end with?
It begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun
What is a coordinating conjunction?
A single connecting word
What is a correlative conjunction?
Pairs of connecting words
What are interjections?
Words that are used to express emotion, such as “Hey” or “Oh”
How are interjections separated in a sentence?
When interjections appear in a sentence, they are separated from the rest of the sentence with a period or a comma
