UNIT 2: The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q
  • the body’s “slow” chemical communication system.
  • Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands.
A

The Endocrine System

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2
Q
  • Chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.
A

Hormones

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3
Q
  • CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHLAMUS!
  • Is called the “master gland.” The anterior pituitary lobe releases hormones that regulate other glands. The posterior lobe regulates water and salt balance.
A

Pituitary Gland

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4
Q
  • The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland - aka the “Master Gland”
  • Regulates stress, growth, and reproduction
  • Milk from the mammary glands (lactation)
  • Sends signals to other glands which then release their own hormones
  • Secretes oxytocin and growth hormone
A

Endocrine System

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5
Q
  • The love hormone
  • Sexual arousal, recognition, trust, romantic attachment and mother–infant bonding. As a result, oxytocin has been called the ‘love hormone’ or ‘cuddle chemical’.
  • Oxytocin also increases our self-esteem and optimism, which is extra helpful when we’re anxious or shy in a social situation
A

Oxytocin

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6
Q
  • pituitary gland malfunctions and releases excess growth hormone
A

Gigantism

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7
Q
  • disfiguring and deadly condition that includes visible swelling of soft tissue
A

Acromegaly

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8
Q
  • grows very slowly as an adult (usually shorter)
A

Pituitary dwarfism

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9
Q
  • secretes thyroxine, which affects metabolism
  • Increase oxygen use by cells, tissues, and organs
  • Without oxygen, organs would atrophy (waste away)
    Damage would cause poor sleep, fatigue, depression, dry skin and hair, sensitivity to cold, joint and muscle pain
  • Weight gain or weight loss
A

Thyroid gland

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10
Q

releases melatonin to help regulate sleep and body rhythms

A

Pineal gland

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11
Q
  • sit atop the kidneys and release adrenaline
  • Helps to regulate arousal
A

Adrenal glands

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12
Q
  • includes ovaries in females and testes in males
  • regulates the development of sex characteristics secrete hormones that regulate sexual behavior and reproduction– can be impacted by psychological factors, such as attractiveness
A

Gonads

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13
Q
  • Plays a role in digestion and hormone production
  • Regulates insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar
A

Pancreas

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