UNIT 2: Parts of brain

Question 1

• Above brainstem and hippocampus, within temporal lobe
• processes emotions, fight-or-flight response, reward/ fear processing, learning
• if damaged - inability to create fear responses, risky behavior, deficits in recognizing emotion

Answer 1

Amygdala

Question 2

• between premotor cortex and parietal lobe
• critical to initiating motor movements, coordination and initiation of motor movement
• if damaged - speech impairments, distortions of body image, motor learning deficits

Answer 2

Primary motor cortex

Question 2

• parietal lobe, right of primary motor cortex
• receives tactile information from the body, sensory processing and integration
• if damaged - difficulties in perceiving touch and recognizing one’s own body, failure to recognize objects by touch

Answer 2

Somatosensory cortex

Question 2

• below frontal and parietal lobe
• perception, face/ object recognition, memory aquisition, emotional reactions
• if damaged - inability to recognize specific categories, long/ short term memory loss, aggression

Answer 2

Temporal lobe

Question 3

• above amygdala and hippocampus, in temporal lobe
• receives sensory cortex and sends them to appropriate areas of forebrain
• if damaged - loss of alertness, amnesia, aphasia, sleepiness, impaired movements and posture

Answer 3

Thalamus

Question 4

• in occipital lobe, above cerebellum
• receives visual input from retinas
• if damaged - loss of vision, partial/ complete blindness

Answer 4

Visual cortex

Question 4

between primary auditory cortex and angular gyrus, in temporal lobe
- language comprehension
- if damaged - inability to comprehend written or spoken language

Answer 4

Wenicke’s area

Question 5

• frontal lobe
• integrates information from different receptors/ sensory areas that relay information to past experiences
• if damaged - process of information slows down

Answer 5

association areas

Question 6

• gray wrinkled surface of a thin layer packed of neurons
• all thinking activities (determining personality, planning, intelligence, organization); divided into 4 lobes
• if damaged - sensory and motor problems

Answer 6

Cerebral cortex

Question 7

• above spinal cord, part of brain stem, below pons
• basic bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, circulation ,etc.
• if damaged - death, drooling, breathing assistance, drooling

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

• chemicals in terminal buttons that travel in the synaptic gap between neurons
• brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our body and brain

Answer 8

neurotransmitter

Question 9

• acetylcholine
• dopamine
• serotonin
• norepinephrine

Answer 9

Types of neurotransmitters

Question 10

• frontal lobe, edge of back frontal lobe touching parietal lobe
• generate neural impulses that control the execution of movement
• if damaged - loss of muscle function, paralysis

Answer 10

Motor cortex

Question 11

• next to optic nerve and hypothalamus
• releases growth hormones
• if damaged - production of hormones is irregular or stops

Answer 11

Pituitary gland

Question 12

• part of brain stem between temporal lobe and cerebellum
• regulate sleeping, alertness, focus controls, sleep- wake cycle
• if damaged - lack of sleep, over sleeping, loss of focus, never wake up

Answer 12

reticular formation

Question 13

• parietal lobe next to motor cortex, above temporal lobe
• receives all sensory output from the body
• if damaged - temporary loss of senses, problem interpreting tactile information

Answer 13

sensory cortex

Question 14

• temporal lobe, beside ears
• process auditory information
• if damaged - loss of hearing

Answer 14

Auditory cortex

Question 15

• above brain stem and pons, almost directly above cerebellum
• produces melatonin; affects sleep patterns
• if damaged - hypertension, epilepsy, sexual dysfunction

Answer 15

Pineal gland

Question 16

• between the 2 hemispheres of the brain
• separates the 2 hemispheres

Answer 16

Longitudinal fissure

Question 17

• on neuron
• insulation to neurons
• if damaged - DNA damage, cell loss

Answer 17

Glial cells

Question 18

• skull
• protects brain
• if damaged - head injury, skull fracture

Answer 18

Cranium

Question 19

• spine
• connects peripheral nervous system to brain, information is sent through and to the brain
• if damaged - changes in strength and sensation, disrupted signals, paralyzed

Answer 19

Spinal cord

Question 20

• above spinal cord, includes pons; medulla; midbrain
• alertness, sleep, balance, startle response, basic vital life functions
• if damaged - organ failure, difficulties balancing and moving

Answer 20

Brain stem

Question 21

• left frontal lobe, directly above temporal cortex
• language production, comprehension of syntax
• if damaged - broca’s aphasia, repetitive speech

Answer 21

Broca’s area

Question 22

• behind brainstem, below occipital lobe
• monotors and regulates motor control, automatic muscle movements, balance, timing
• if damaged - inability to walk, dizziness, slurred speech

Answer 22

Cerebellum

Question 23

• between 2 hemispheres
• connects right and left hemisphere and allows information to pass through
• split brain, memory impairments

Answer 23

corpus callosum

Question 24

• front of brain, consists of prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; motor and premotor; broca’s area
• planning, solving, decision making, motor control
• if damaged - paralysis, inability to express language, atypical social skills

Answer 24

Frontal lobe

Question 25

• 2 arms surrounding thalamus
  -memory
• if damaged - severe memory impairment, inability to form new memories

Answer 25

Hippocampus

Question 26

• above brainstem, next to thalamus
• hunger thirst, body temperature, sleep
• if damaged - hypothermia, excessive sleep, weight gain/ loss

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 27

• includes amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
• emotional control center of the brain
• if damaged - sense of smell impairments, uncontrolled emotions

Answer 27

Limbic system

Question 28

• way back of brain
• interpret messages from out eye in our visual cortex
• if damaged - total/ partial loss of vision, hallucinations, color blindness

Answer 28

Occipital lobe

Question 29

• above temporal lobe, behind frontal lobe
• receives and processes sensory information ( pain, touch, pressure), spatial attention
• if damaged - difficulty reading, recognizing people; objects; or pain, lack of coordination

Answer 29

Parietal lobe

Question 30

• part of brain stem, above medulla, below thalamus
• handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle
• facial expressions, bridge of information, hearing, taste
• if damaged - loss of taste, inability to form facial expressions

Answer 30

Pons

Question 31

• front of frontal lobe
• planning, reasoning judgement, social skills
• if damaged - inability to inhibit social behaviors

Answer 31

Prefrontal cortex

Question 32

• between prefrontal lobe and motor cortices
• planning and executing motor movements
• if damaged - impaired self-initiated movements and learning in association a motor response to visual cue

Answer 32

Premotor cortex