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Psychology UNIT2: VOCAB > UNIT 2: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity > Flashcards

UNIT 2: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Study of the evolution of mind and behavior based on principles of adaptation
  • Made popular by the work of Charles Darwin
A

Evolutionary Psychology

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2
Q
  • An organism or species becomes better suited for life in its environment
A

Adaptation

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2
Q
  • Random errors in gene replication lead to changes to change species
A

Genetic mutations

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3
Q
  • Study differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment
A

Behavior Genetics

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4
Q
  • Segments within DNA
  • Determine out development
  • Blueprints for the human body and how it grows
A

Genes

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5
Q
  • Turner syndrome
  • Klindefelter’s syndrome
  • Down syndrome
A

Chromosomal Abnormalities

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6
Q
  • Females born with only one X sex chromosome (XO)
  • Short, lack ovaries, fail to develop secondary sexual characteristics
A

Turner syndrome

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7
Q
  • Males with XXY chromosomes
  • Evident at puberty when male secondary sex characteristics fail to develop, but breast tissue does; passive males
A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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8
Q
  • Three copies of Chromosome-21 present
  • Intellectually disabled, poor muscle tone and coordination
A

Down syndrome

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9
Q
  • Complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes
A

Genome

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10
Q
  • Genetic makeup for a trait of an individual
  • The person’s specific genetic blueprint, which is determined by the total pattern of chromosomes inherited from each parent
A

Genotype

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11
Q
  • Expression of the genes
  • Actual characteristics a person develops
  • Genes predispose to a particular height but growing up in an impoverished country could cause them to be shorter
A

Phenotype

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12
Q
  • Tay-Sachs syndrome
  • Albinism
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • Huntington’s disease
A

Recessive Gene Abnormalities

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13
Q
  • Processive loss of nervous function and death in baby
A

Tay-Sachs syndrome

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14
Q
  • Failure to store pigment in skin; depth vision damaged
A

Albinism

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15
Q
  • Brain damage UNLESS baby is fed special diet low in phenylalanine in first 30 days of birth
A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

16
Q
  • Dominant gene defect, involves degeneration of the nervous system
A

Huntington’s Disease

17
Q
  • Studying the effects of heredity and environment on two sets of twins, identical and fraternal, has come in handy
A

Twin Biology

18
Q

Studying the same variables for decades

A

Longitudinal case studies

19
Q
  • Effects of shared and unique environments on total or partial genetic makeup
A

Behavior geneticists’

20
Q
  • Heritability of personality traits is likely to be similar if twins live together or not
A

Separated twins

21
Q
  • Conducted Minnesota Twin Study comparing the correlations of selected Characteristics for identical twins reared apart (MZA) or reared together (MZT)
A

Thomas J. Bouchard Jr.

22
Q
  • Critics note that such similarities can be found between strangers
  • Researchers point out that differences between fraternal twins are greater than identical twins
A

Separated Twins studies

23
Q
  • Suggests that adoptees tend to be different from their adoptive parents and siblings
  • The environment shared by a family’s children has virtually no discernable impact on their personalities
A

Adoption Studies

24
Q
  • Identical twins express similar temperaments, suggesting hereditary predisposes temperament
A

Temperament Studies

25
Q
  • Subfield of behavior genetics that seeks to identify specific genes that are influencing behavior
  • EX: what genes put people at risk for autism, depression, schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder
  • EX: China’s “missing women”
A

Molecular Genetics

26
Q
  • Differences due to GENES
  • A statistic used to determine how much of the variation among members of a group is attributable to genes
  • Behaviors are not inherited, but genetic predispositions that may lead to the behavior may be
A

Heritability

27
Q

Some human traits are fixed, such as having two eyes. However, most psychological traits are liable to change with enviromental experience.

A

Nature & Nurture

28
Q

Genes can influence traits which affects responses, and environment can affect gene activity

A

Gene-Environment Interaction

29
Q
  • The study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
  • Literally “in addition to genetics”
  • Shows how our genetics and environment interact
A

Epigenetics

Psychology UNIT2: VOCAB (6 decks)

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