Unit 2 - The Cell, the Basic Unit of Life Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the cell wall?
- Primary cell wall
- Middle lamella
- Secondary cell wall
Which cell wall consists of cellulose?
Primary Cell Wall
What does the Middle lamella consist of?
Consists of pectin and joins adjacent cell walls.
What is the function of the secondary cell wall and what does it consist of?
It consists of thick cellulose fibres with ligin
Its function is to protect the living contents of the cell and give support and rigidity to the cell.
What is the cell membrane made out of?
Phospholipid bilayer
Fill in the blanks:
Cell membranes structure is also known as 1._______.
Cell membrane consists of double-layer of 2.______
molecules with large 3.______ molecules embedded in the layers. Each Phospholipid consists of a 4_______ head and 5._______ tail.
- Fluid Mosaic Model
- Phospholipid molecules
- Protein
- Hydrophobic Phosphate
- Hydrophobic fatty
What is Diffusion?
Movement of molecules (in liquid or Gas form) from a high concentration are to a lower concentration area until equilibrium reached
What is Osmosis?
Movement of H2O molecules from an area of high water potential to a low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.
What do you call a fluid that keeps holds the organelles together?
Cytoplasm.
What is Cyclosis?
The movement of substances around the cytoplasm.
True or False? SER is connected to the Nucleus?
False
Which organelle is filled with Nucleoplasm?
The Nucleus
What does the Nucleolus consists of?
RNA and Proteins
What is an ER
Endoplasmic reticulum, fine membranous network forming a continuous system of canals throughout the cytoplasm.
Rough ER has ____ on it.
Ribosomes.
True or False.
The ER increases the internal surface area of the cell.
True
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is Mitochondria?
Shortly, it is the power source of the cell. Responsible for Cellular respiration.
What do you call a folded membrane in the Mitochondria?
Cristae
What does the Mitochondria Matrix contain?
Ribosomes, enzymes and DNA
What is a Ribosome?
An organelle that is spherical and small. Where the protein synthesis takes place.
Where does the Ribosomes occur at?
ER, mitochondria, chloroplast and cytoplasm
“It contains centrioles, which play a role in the formation of spindle fibres”
Which organelle is this?
Centrosomes
Which organelle plays a role in producing secretions eg: Mucus and saliva
Golgi body
What are vesicles
Small vacuoles which transport substance from Golgi body to other parts,
Fluid filled compartment in the cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane called the ______-
Tonoplast - where the indicated fluid filled compartment is the vacuole
True or False?
In Plants, vacuoles are big
True
Name the 3 types of Plastids
- Chloroplast
- Chromoplasts
- Leucoplasts
Which organelle is responsible for Photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Which organelle contains Carotenoids
Chromoplasts
What are leucoplasts?
An organelle which colourless and mainly stores food in an insoluble way
What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells: • Cell wall present • Plastids present • Large vacuole present • No lysosomes or centrosomes • Fixed shape Animal cells: • No cell wall • No plastids • Small or no vacuoles present • Lysosomes and centrosomes present • Irregular shape
