Unit 2 - The Cell, the Basic Unit of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cell wall?

A
  1. Primary cell wall
  2. Middle lamella
  3. Secondary cell wall
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2
Q

Which cell wall consists of cellulose?

A

Primary Cell Wall

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3
Q

What does the Middle lamella consist of?

A

Consists of pectin and joins adjacent cell walls.

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4
Q

What is the function of the secondary cell wall and what does it consist of?

A

It consists of thick cellulose fibres with ligin

Its function is to protect the living contents of the cell and give support and rigidity to the cell.

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5
Q

What is the cell membrane made out of?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Cell membranes structure is also known as 1._______.
Cell membrane consists of double-layer of 2.______
molecules with large 3.______ molecules embedded in the layers. Each Phospholipid consists of a 4_______ head and 5._______ tail.

A
  1. Fluid Mosaic Model
  2. Phospholipid molecules
  3. Protein
  4. Hydrophobic Phosphate
  5. Hydrophobic fatty
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7
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules (in liquid or Gas form) from a high concentration are to a lower concentration area until equilibrium reached

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8
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Movement of H2O molecules from an area of high water potential to a low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

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9
Q

What do you call a fluid that keeps holds the organelles together?

A

Cytoplasm.

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10
Q

What is Cyclosis?

A

The movement of substances around the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

True or False? SER is connected to the Nucleus?

A

False

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12
Q

Which organelle is filled with Nucleoplasm?

A

The Nucleus

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13
Q

What does the Nucleolus consists of?

A

RNA and Proteins

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14
Q

What is an ER

A

Endoplasmic reticulum, fine membranous network forming a continuous system of canals throughout the cytoplasm.

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15
Q

Rough ER has ____ on it.

A

Ribosomes.

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16
Q

True or False.

The ER increases the internal surface area of the cell.

A

True

17
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

18
Q

What is Mitochondria?

A

Shortly, it is the power source of the cell. Responsible for Cellular respiration.

19
Q

What do you call a folded membrane in the Mitochondria?

A

Cristae

20
Q

What does the Mitochondria Matrix contain?

A

Ribosomes, enzymes and DNA

21
Q

What is a Ribosome?

A

An organelle that is spherical and small. Where the protein synthesis takes place.

22
Q

Where does the Ribosomes occur at?

A

ER, mitochondria, chloroplast and cytoplasm

23
Q

“It contains centrioles, which play a role in the formation of spindle fibres”

Which organelle is this?

A

Centrosomes

24
Q

Which organelle plays a role in producing secretions eg: Mucus and saliva

A

Golgi body

25
Q

What are vesicles

A

Small vacuoles which transport substance from Golgi body to other parts,

26
Q

Fluid filled compartment in the cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane called the ______-

A

Tonoplast - where the indicated fluid filled compartment is the vacuole

27
Q

True or False?

In Plants, vacuoles are big

A

True

28
Q

Name the 3 types of Plastids

A
  • Chloroplast
  • Chromoplasts
  • Leucoplasts
29
Q

Which organelle is responsible for Photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

30
Q

Which organelle contains Carotenoids

A

Chromoplasts

31
Q

What are leucoplasts?

A

An organelle which colourless and mainly stores food in an insoluble way

32
Q

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

A
Plant cells:
  • Cell wall present
  • Plastids present
  • Large vacuole present
  • No lysosomes or centrosomes
  • Fixed shape
Animal cells:
  • No cell wall
  • No plastids
  • Small or no vacuoles present
  • Lysosomes and centrosomes present
  • Irregular shape