Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Why was it important for Western Europeans to find a direct sea route to Asian markets/goods?
It saved time and money and they cut out the middle man
What were the motives for European exploration?
God
Glory
Gold
What were the two leading European countries in exploration?
Portugal and Spain
What role did Prince Henry play in leading in his country, Portugal, to an early lead in exploration?
He founded an navigational (sailing) school
What three events during the Age of Exploration were cause by advances in learning and technology that allowed long ocean voyages?
Food, animals, and ideas went from one continent to the other (Old World - New World; New World - Old World) European diseases devastated the Native population. European wars increases as competition for land and power
Why did the Portuguese establish trading posts only on the coast of Africa?
They didn’t have enough military to go inland. They kept a major presence all along the coasts of Africa.
Who was the second superpower, after Portugal, to trade in Asia?
The Dutch
Why did the Pope make Portugal and Spain sign the Treaty of Tordesillas?
He wanted to decrease conflict over new lands in the New World
What effect did the slave trade have on Africans and African Kingdoms?
Only the very old and very young were left. Many cultures lost their best members and most families were seperated
When did China start exploring in comparison to Europe?
China started exploring more than 80 years before Europeans
Who led voyages? How many were there?
Zhenge He had seven voyages
Why did China withdraw into isolation? When?
China wanted to preserve it’s traditions and thought it was better than any other country
What new inventions are the Chinese credited for?
Abacus, Compass, Gunpowder
What are the main beliefs of Confucianism? Why did Confucianism help promote Chinese isolationism, not expansionism?
Fial Piety, 5 relationships (ruler-ruler, father-son, husband-wife, oldest-youngest, friend-friend) it promoted isolationism because it taught that you should be content and not want anything.
Why did Tokugawas close off Japanese ports/harbors to European trade? What was the policy called?
They were threatened by Christian missionaries and their ideas and wanted to close off foreign ideas. This was called the CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
What was the social structure of the Tokugawa Shogunate?
What role did the emperor play?
Shogun?
Emperor (God) Shogun (Power) Daimyo Samurai Farmers Artisans Merchants
Who is at the bottom of Japan’s social class system? Why?
Merchants- they weren’t content
In European and Japanese feudalism what did soldiers receive for service?
Land
What policy did both China and Japan implement during this time?
Isolationism
Why did European colonists need laborers in the Americas?
To grow crops
What was one way the Native Americans resisted Spanish rule?
Kept their own traditions and culture
Why did the colonists run into problems with their original labor source? Where/whom to did they turn?
Native Americans were not immune to disease and died by the millions. They turned to African slaves for their labor source
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Trading African slaves to Europeans to work in the Americas
Who was King Affonso I?
He petitioned European to end the slave trade
What does import mean? Export?
Import- Buying something from another country
Export- Selling something to another country
What is a tariff?
A tax on goods being imported from another country
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of foods, animals, and ideas from the New World to the Old a world and from the Old World to the New World
Where did corn, potatoes, and tomatoes come from?
The New World
Where did wheat come from?
The Old World
What was considered “old world? “New world?”
Old World- Europe
New World- the Americas
What do the words Encounter and the Columbian Exchange represent?
The nature of interactions between cultures
What was mercantilism?
This was a policy that established colonies where the colonies provided raw materials to the Europeans and then brought the manufactured goods from Europe
What did mercantilism “look like” in colonial Latin America?
They had to provide the raw materials to the Europeans and then bought the manufactured goods from Europe
What was a result of the Commercial Revolution?
Europeans became more powerful and influential throughout the world
