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HISTORY FINAL Flashcards

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0
Q

What is Monotheism?

A

Believing that there was only one God; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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1
Q

What were the a Five Pillars?

A

Most important duties of the Muslims

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2
Q

What were three main concepts of Buddhism?

A

Four Noble Truths and Buddha Heaven or Nirvana. Noble Eighth Folds Path

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3
Q

What were the religious books of Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam?

A

Oldest: Hinduism; Vedas
Christianity; The Bible
Newest: Islam; Koran

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4
Q

Who were the Sunnis and Shi-a’s?

A

The two groups of Islam that split after the death of the prophet Muhammed

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5
Q

What was a long term effect of the Crusades?

A

Knights from Europe fought for Jerusalem, lead to increase trade from the east

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6
Q

What was the most powerful institution during the Renaissance in Europe?

A

The Church (pope)

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7
Q

What did people begin to do during the Renaissance that led to the Protestant Reformation?

A

People began to question tradition and authority

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8
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire?

A

A strong empire that controlled access to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

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9
Q

What are patrons?

A

Wealthy merchants that bought art and supported artists in Renaissance. The Medici’s and Catholic Church were most famous patrons

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10
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

Rebirth of art and learning, focus on individual achievement and worldly success, use of classical ideas, people started questioning authority

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11
Q

Who was Gutenberg? Why was he important and who did he influence?

A

Invented the printing press, first book he printed was the Bible, he printed in the vernacular

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12
Q

Who was Henry VIII and how did he influence England?

A

King of England who broke away from the church because he wanted to divorce his wife, and marry someone that would give him a male heir. Made him head of English Church

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13
Q

What started when Martin Luther began to criticize the Catholic Church?

A

Protestant Reformation

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14
Q

What 3 events during the Age of Exploration were caused by advances in learning and technology that allowed long ocean voyages?

A

Food, animals, and ideas went from one continent to the other (Old World - New World; New World - Old World) European diseases devastated the Native population. European wars increases as competition for land and power

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15
Q

Why did the Tokygawas close off Japanese ports/harbors to European trade? What was the policy called?

A

They were threatened by Christian missionaries and their ideas and wanted to close off foreign ideas. This was called the CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY

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16
Q

In European and Japanese feudalism what did soldiers receive for service?

A

Land

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17
Q

What policy did both China and Japan implement during this time?

A

Isolationism

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18
Q

Why did China withdraw into isolation? When?

A

China wanted to preserve it’s traditions and thought it was better than any other country.
China started exploring more than 80 years before Europeans

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19
Q

What are the main beliefs of Confucianism? Why did Confucianism help promote Chinese isolationism, not expansionism?

A

Fial Piety, 5 relationships (ruler-ruler, father-son, husband-wife, oldest-youngest, friend-friend) it promoted isolationism because it taught that you should be content and not want anything.

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20
Q

What new inventions are the Chinese credited for?

A

Abacus, Compass, Gunpowder

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21
Q

Where did corn, potatoes, and tomatoes come from? Where did the wheat come from?

A

The New World; The Old World

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22
Q

Why did the Colonists run into problems with their original labor source? Who did they turn to replace the labor source?

A

Native Americans were not immune to disease and died by the millions. They turned to African Slaves for their labor source

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23
Q

Why did the pope make Portugal and Spain sign the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

He wanted to decrease conflict over new lands in the New Worlds

24
Q

What were the motives for European exploration?

A

God, Glory, Gold

25
Q

What do the words Encounter and the Columbian Exchange represent?

A

The nature of interactions between cultures

26
Q

What effect did the slave trade have on Africans and African Kingdoms?

A

Only the very old and very young were left. Many cultures lost their best members and most families were separated

27
Q

What was a result of the Commercial Revolution?

A

Europeans become more powerful and influential throughout the world

28
Q

What was mercantilism? What did mercantilism “look like” in colonial Latin America?

A

This was a policy that established colonies where the colonies provided raw materials to the Europeans and then brought the manufactured goods from Europe

29
Q

How is the status of a person determined in a traditional, social hierarchy?

A

Birth

30
Q

During the Age of Absolutism who had all the power?

A

The absolute monarch (King)

31
Q

What did Peter the Great do for Russia by women’s status and changing fashion?

A

Westernized Russia (modernized)

32
Q

What happened when Parliament forced William and Mary to accept limits on their power during the Glorious Revolution?

A

It made England a Constitutional Monarchy

33
Q

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

A women that believed that women should have the same political rights as men

34
Q

What did the church do to Galileo even after he recanted?

A

He was kept under house arrest

35
Q

What did the writings of the philosophers concerning the natural rights of man encourage?

A

Political revolutions

36
Q

What did the philosophers’ and scientists’ work have in common?

A

They both worked with natural laws governing the universe

37
Q

What was important about the English Bill of Rights?

A

It was established the a King’s limits of power and guaranteed rights of the people. William and Mary were forced to sign it which made England a constitutional monarchy

38
Q

Who believed that observation, experimentation, and math were the basis of scientific knowledge?

A

Isaac Newton

39
Q

What were the most important ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

A

Use of experimentation and observation, they also questioned traditional beliefs about the universe, they also made improvements in scientific instruments and medicine

40
Q

How did Locke and cultural diffusion encourage the American and French Revolution?

A

Their ideas spread from the United States to France

41
Q

What are the main ideas of the Enlightenment?

A

All people have natural rights an it is the government’s job to protect these rights

42
Q

Who paid most of the taxes during the Old Regime of France?

A

Commoners (Third Estate)

43
Q

When did the middle class gain political influence in France?

A

After the French Revolution

44
Q

What governments failed to meet the needs of their people?

A

Pre-revolutionary governments

45
Q

When was no one safe from the guillotine?

A

The Reign of Terror

46
Q

What did the French people how Napoleon Bonaparte would do?

A

Provide stability to the nation after the revolution

47
Q

Who tried to increase their power during the French Revolution?

A

Robespierre and Napoleon

48
Q

When did the mob storm the Bastille looking for gunpowder?

A

July 14, 1789

49
Q

What caused a ride of nationalistic movements?

A

The French Revolution and the political changes made at the Congress of Vienna

50
Q

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say?

A

“men are born and remained free and equal in rights”

51
Q

What were the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Estate? What country?

A

1st Clergy, 2nd Nobles, 3rd Everyone Else, this is how France was divided before the French Revolution

52
Q

What was the scorched earth policy and who used it?

A

A policy of destroying food and earth so the enemy can’t use it. Russia (Czar Alexander I) used it against Napoleon.

53
Q

Who did successful revolutions in the United States and France inspire?

A

Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo

54
Q

What did the people involved in the Vienna Congress want to accomplish?

A

To keep the peace and stability of Europe

55
Q

Who were the Creoles and what did they want?

A

They were the leaders of the independence movement in Latin America. They were the Spanish colonists they lived in Latin America

56
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

A

He led a slave revolt in Saint Dominique

57
Q

Who was Miguel Hidalgo?

A

He was a leader of the independence movement in Mexico

History (8 decks)

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