Unit 2 Test

Question 1

What do nutrients provide?

Answer 1

Chemical building blocks for life, growth, repair, and energy

Question 2

What are the three macronutrients?

Answer 2

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids (fats)

Question 3

What are micronutrients?

Answer 3

• Vitamins
• Minerals

Question 4

What are carbohydrates broken into?

Answer 4

Simple sugars

Question 5

What are proteins made of?

Answer 5

Polymers of amino acids

Question 6

What are fats broken into?

Answer 6

• Fatty acids
• Glycerol

Question 7

What is digestion?

Answer 7

Breaking down large food molecules into smaller subunits

Question 8

What is metabolism?

Answer 8

Sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 9

What is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 9

Requires energy input

Question 10

What is an exergonic reaction?

Answer 10

Releases energy

Question 11

What are enzymes?

Answer 11

Proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions

Question 12

What do enzymes lower?

Answer 12

Activation energy

Question 13

What is substrate-specific in enzymes?

Answer 13

Active sites

Question 14

What regulates enzyme activity?

Answer 14

• Temperature
• pH
• Feedback inhibition
• Competitive inhibition

Question 15

What are cofactors or coenzymes for?

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

What is the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

Question 17

What does the 1st Law of Thermodynamics state about energy?

Answer 17

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 18

What are the two types of energy?

Answer 18

• Potential energy
• Kinetic energy

Question 19

What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state about energy transformations?

Answer 19

Transformations are inefficient; some energy is lost as heat

Question 20

What is ATP?

Answer 20

Energy currency of the cell

Question 21

What does ATP power?

Answer 21

Cell activities through coupled reactions

Question 22

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 22

• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Electron transport chain

Question 23

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 23

In the cytoplasm

Question 24

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 24

Anaerobic (no oxygen required)

Question 25

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 25

* 2 pyruvate * 2 ATP * NADH

Question 26

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 26

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 27

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 27

* CO2 * NADH * FADH2 * 2 ATP

Question 28

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 28

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 29

What do NADH and FADH2 produce in the electron transport chain?

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 30

Oxygen

Question 31

What does fermentation regenerate?

Answer 31

NAD+

Question 32

What does fermentation produce in animals?

Answer 32

Lactic acid

Question 33

What does fermentation produce in yeast?

Answer 33

Alcohol

Question 34

How do animals store energy short-term?

Answer 34

As glycogen

Question 35

How do animals store energy long-term?

Answer 35

As triglycerides

Question 36

What do food calories measure?

Answer 36

Energy

Question 37

What determines weight in relation to energy?

Answer 37

Energy intake vs. expenditure

Question 38

What does NEAT stand for?

Answer 38

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Question 39

What is obesity related to?

Answer 39

Energy imbalance over time

Question 40

What does BMI stand for?

Answer 40

Body Mass Index

Question 41

What does BMI estimate?

Answer 41

Body fat based on height and weight