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Health Science > Unit 2 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

A

Toward the head or upper end of the body; above.

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2
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below.

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3
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

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4
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind.

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5
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

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7
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

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8
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

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9
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment from a limb to the body trunk.

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10
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body structure.

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11
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal.

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12
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

A vertical plane that passes through the body splitting it into left and right.

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13
Q

Transverse Plane

A

A horizontal plane that passes through the body splitting the top and bottom.

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14
Q

Frontal Plane

A

A vertical plane that passes through the body splitting the front and back.

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15
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

The cavity that houses the abdomen and pelvis.

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16
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

The cavity that houses the heart and lungs.

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17
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

The cavity that houses the brain.

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18
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
    3.Movement
  3. Storage
  4. Blood cell formation
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19
Q

Process of healing a fracture

A
  1. Hematoma forms
  2. Fibrocartilage callus forms
  3. Bony callus forms
  4. Bone remodeling occurs
19
Q

Skull bones

A

Cranium, facial
They are interlocking/immovable except for jaw.

20
Q

Vertebral Bones

A

Cervical (7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral, coccyx

21
Q

Pelvic Girdle Bones

A

consists of 2 Coccyx bones

22
Q

Thoracic Bones

A

clavicle, ribs, sternum, true ribs

23
Q

Limb bones

A

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

24
Q

X-ray

A

a photon (bundle of energy) which is without mass and has no charge. Is produced by propelling an electron toward a target.

25
Q

How does an x-ray work?

A
  1. Electrons are exposed to large potential difference (voltage). They gain so much NRG that potential becomes kinetic.
  2. They move rapidly toward the target and collide with a metal plate. The rapid loss of velocity release x-rays.
    3.X-rays pass through the body, and an image of what they pass through is recorded.
26
Q

Attenuation

A

When x-rays don’t pass through the medium. The greater the attenuation the brighter the bone.

27
Q

CT Scan

A

Takes multiple x-rays getting a cross section of the body.Is a 3d image. Helps to detect cancer and bone fragements.

28
Q

Properties of muscle cells

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Contractility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
29
Q

Functions of Muscles

A

Movement, stability, generate heat, protect organs, moves substances (food)

30
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Attached to bone. Voluntary movement but can be reflexive. Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, striated, responds quickly but tired easily.

31
Q

Fascicle

A

Thousands of fibres held together by tissue. Many fascicles make up a muscle.

32
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary, no striations, found in the walls of hollow organs (stomach, bladder), lines passageways, contracts slow and smooth, single nucleus, two types are cylindrical and longitudinal, they take turns contracting to move the substance through the organ.

33
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A

Only found in heart, involuntary, striated, spiral or figure 8 shaped, contraction causes heart chambers to become smaller moving blood, one nucleus, contractions are controlled by pacemaker.

34
Q

Thorax Muscles

A

Pectoralis
Rhomboids
Latissimus Dorsi

35
Q

Abdominal Muscles

A

Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse Abdominals

36
Q

Shoulder Muscles

A

Trapezius
Deltoid

37
Q

Arm Muscles

A

Tricep
Bicep

38
Q

Leg Muscles

A

Glutes
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Soleus
Gastrocnemius

39
Q

Tendon

A

a tough fibre that attaches muscle to bone

40
Q

Ligament

A

a tough fibre that attaches bones together

41
Q

Joint

A

the point at which two bones meet, (not all bones have joints)

42
Q

Pathology

A

the study of the essential nature of diseases and the structural and functional changes produced by them

43
Q

Pathological disorder

A

disruptors of the normal functions of organs of the body due to disease, illness, or damage.

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable conditions, though the outside environment is always changing.

Health Science (4 decks)

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