Unit 2: Sundberg on Automatic Reinforcement, Verbal Behavior, Social Behavior, etc. Flashcards
Automatic Reinforcement
Automatic reinforcement is
reinforcement that is not mediated by
the deliberate action of another person”
(Vaughan & Michael, 1982, p. 219)
Automatic Reinforcement can be divided into two types, what are they?
- Practical
- Artistic/Autistic
Practical (Automatic Reinforcement)
The reinforcement is provided by the physical
environment (“the producing response operates on the surrounding world”)
Artistic/Autistic (Automatic Reinforcement)
The reinforcement is provided by the
response product emanating from the behavior. (“The producing response operates on the behaver
directly”).
Nonverbal Practical (Automatic Reinforcement)
The producing nonverbal response operates on the surrounding world, and behavior is shaped and automatically comes under the relevant stimulus control. • Grab toy— have toy in hand • Pull string-- toy moves • Push door – it opens
Verbal Practical (Automatic Reinforcement)
The producing verbal response operates on the
speaker as listener, and behavior is shaped and automatically comes under the relevant antecedent control
- self-mand (“I need to get back on task”)
- self-tact (“Greg! That’s his name”
- self-echoic (“454-8798, 454-8798”)
- self-intraverbal (problem solving, thinking)
- self-textual (reading harry potter)
Nonverbal Artistic/Autistic (Automatic Reinforcement)
The producing nonverbal response
operates on the behaver directly, and behavior is shaped and automatically comes under the relevant antecedent control.
• Nonverbal behavior directly reinforced by stimulation (e.g., kinesthetic, auditory, visual) related to the response product (no
pairing—phylogenetic —unconditioned automatic reinforcement).
• Rocking, finger flicking/tapping, foot tapping, hair twirling,
humming, visual patterns, hand ringing, exercise, masturbation, scratch to remove an itch (automatic negative reinforcement), SIB, aggression (e.g., Iwata, et al.)
-Nonverbal behavior directly reinforced by stimulation (e.g., kinesthetic, auditory, visual) related to the response product (due to pairing- ontogenetic - conditioned automatic reinforcement)
• Mannerisms, posture, gestures, Rap singer movements, noise making, babbling, dress, jewelry, cars, hair style (Farrah Fawcett’s feathered hair) (Freud’s Identification)
• Verbal Artistic/Autistic (Automatic Reinforcement)
The producing verbal response operates
on the behaver directly, and behavior is shaped and automatically comes under the relevant antecedent control.
• Verbal behavior directly reinforced by stimulation (e.g., kinesthetic, auditory, visual) related to the response product (due to pairing- ontogenetic - conditioned automatic reinforcement)
• Verbal response forms that match caretaker’s or others of value, including accents, intonation, prosody, syntax and grammar; also singing, fun words, verbal perseveration, delayed echolalia, obsessions
in automatic reinforcement, the reinforcer consists of:
the direct consequence(s) of bx
(T/F?) direct consequences are only related to reinforcement
false
(T/F?) automatic reinforcement occurs as a result of phylogenic, but not of ontogenic provenance.
false
You have a headache and rub your temples as a result of this, your headache subsides. What type of automatic reinforcement is this?
artistic or autistic non-verbal
you rub your eyes and start seeing visual patterns. what type of automatic reinforcement is this an example of?
artistic or autistic non-verbal
you have been learning how to eat with chopsticks for the last couple of weeks. with every meal, you are becoming more successful. What type of automatic reinforcement is this an example of?
practical non-verbal
After admiring Tom Freeman for a long time,
I decide to grow my beard. What type of
automatic reinforcement is this an example
of?
Artistic or autistic non-verbal!
What is the MOST effective pairing procedure?
short-delay
When establishing a vocal stimulus as a conditioned reinforcer, you should present the vocal stimulus:
right before a reinforcer
You work with a kid that loves Sesame
Street. Lately, he has started to speak like
Cookie Monster. What type of automatic
reinforcement is this an example of?!
verbal artistic/autistic
You are taking your Unit test and start repeating
to yourself: “Take your time… take your time,”
and as a result, you are able to answer a
question correctly on the test. What type of
automatic reinforcement is this an example of?
verbal practical
Repeating to yourself: “VB-MAPP…VBMAPP”
after hearing “VB-MAPP” is an
example of a:
self-echoic
Verbal behavior that is reinforced by the
sensory stimulation produced by the
behavior itself. This is:
Verbal artistic (autistic)
Non-verbal behavior that is reinforced by
the changes in the environment that it
produces.
non-verbal practical
Intraverbals are under the antecedent control of a
verbal stimulus with:
a preceding stimulus
(T/F?) a large number of our conversations involve conditional descriminations.
true
Understanding how conditional discriminations are
formed is important for all of the following reasons,
except:
a. Intraverbal skills should be taught as early as
possible.
b. It helps in the development of appropriate program sequences to teach verbal skills.
c. Teaching intraverbals too early can later interfere
with the development of more complex intraverbal
relations.
a. Intraverbal skills should be taught as early as
possible.
Which of the following is part of a verbal
repertoire?!
a. Joint attention!
b. Making eye contact!
c. Motor imitation!
d. Responding to mands from peers
a. joint attention
Which of the following is part of a listener repertoire? a. Answering questions! b. Appropriate attending to a speaker! c. Facial expressions! d. Proximity to others!
b. appropriate attending to a speaker
Which of the following is part of a non-verbal repertoire?
a. autoclitics
b. body posture
c. mands for information
d. reinforcing speaker bx
b. body posture
All of the following are verbal behavior problems that interfere with social behavior, except: a. Joint attention! b. High rate of mands! c. Rote verbal behavior! d. Verbal perseveration!
a. Joint attention
A history of extensive one-on-one
behavioral intervention could be
detrimental to the development of social
skills. (T/F?)
true
- Practical
* Autistic (or artistic)
types of automatic reinforcement
reinforcement provided by the physical environment or producing response operating on the surrounding world.
practical automatic reinforcement
reinforcement is provided by the stimulation produced from the response (achieving parity will always fall under this category)
autistic/artistic automatic reinforcement
automatic contingencies
term to describe the direct consequences of behavior (as suggested by dr. sundberg)
bx weakening not as a function of a deliberate arrangement, but automatically occurring.
automatic extinction
verbal bx that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence to the verbal response or formal similarity.
intraverbal
a discrimination in which reinforcement of responding during a stimulus depends on (is conditional on) other stimuli.
conditional discrimination (CD)
“For the typically developing children the results
showed that there was a correlation between age and
correct intraverbal responses. However, there was
variability in the scores of children who were the
same age. An error analysis reveled that compound
VCDs were the primary cause of errors. Children
with autism made the same types of errors as
typically developing children who scored in their level
on the subtest.”
Sundberg & Sundberg (2011)
Repertoires that comprise social behavior
- Non-verbal repertoire
- Verbal repertoire
- Listener repertoire
Non-verbal repertoire
- Eye contact and visual tracking (gaze) of others
- Proximity to others
- Dress and hygiene
- Body posture
- Touching
- Facial expressions
- Movement
- Dynamic speech properties (e.g., volume, tone, prosody)
- Imitation
- Sharing and turn taking
Verbal repertoire
• Manding to others
• Initiation of interactions (mands, tacts)
• Join attention (mands)
• Mands for information
• Tacting fo the benefit of the listener
• Intraveral responding
• Intraverbal content
• Autoclitic mands and tacts
• Appropriate self-editing
• Reciprocal conversations (echoics, mands, tacts, intravebals,
autoclitics, self-editing, plus listener repertoires)
Listener repertoire
• Appropriate attending to a speaker
• Reinforcing speaker behavior (eye contact, head nods, empathy,
appropirate affect)
• Responding to the mands of a speaker (mediating reinforcement)
• Functioning as an SD for verbal behavior
• Serving as an audience for specific verbal behavior (someone who
cares)
• Function as a conditioned reinforcer
• Minimal interruptions, disruptions, punishment, apathy, etc.
• Personal MO/EOs controlled
• Turn taking in the speaker/listener dyad.
