Unit 1: History of ABA and Automatic Shaping

Question 1

__________ reduce the reinforcing efficacy of a given stimulus and decrease the probability of the organism engaging in behaviors that have previously resulted in that reinforcer

Answer 1

abolishing operations

Question 2

_____ refers to the way we learn by contacting contingencies directly or by observing consequences to others’ behaviors.

Answer 2

operant conditioning

Question 3

all things being equal, the simplest explanation is the best one. this is the notion of ______.

Answer 3

parsimony

Question 4

__________ is the dimension of ABA that suggests assessment and interventions must be reasonable in cost and lead to socially significant, long lasting change.

Answer 4

effective

Question 5

The seminal article on the dimensions of ABA was authored by _______.

Answer 5

Baer, Wolf, and Risley

Question 6

________ started the Analysis of Verbal Behavior journal and help develop the ABLLS

Answer 6

Sunberg

Question 7

Palmer’s commentary of parity suggests ______ is often responsible for refining subtle changes in verbal behaviors.

Answer 7

automatic reinforcement

Question 8

The change in bx brought on by a progressive program of reinforcement contingencies that is not arranged by other people.

Answer 8

Automatic Shaping

Question 9

_________depends upon variability. If there were no variability in behavior, we wouldn’t be able to make reinforcement differentially applicable to different variants and we wouldn’t get changes in topography.

Answer 9

Shaping

Question 10

Among this behavioral scientist’s important contributions was the development of operant theory?

Answer 10

Skinner

Question 11

This behavior analyst began a journal looking at behavior analytic applications to organizations and industries

Answer 11

Daniels

Question 12

The philosophy laid down by Skinner, Keller, Lindsley, and others is ______.

Answer 12

behaviorism

Question 13

This scientist stressed the importance of positivism, observation and looking at functional relationships….and he lived a long time ago.

Answer 13

Mach

Question 14

This scientist developed precision teaching.

Answer 14

Keller

Question 15

This scientist developed the standard celebration chart.

Answer 15

Lindsley

Question 16

The reinforcement of successive approximations to a terminal target bx is _______.

Answer 16

shaping

Question 17

Palmer contends that automatic reinforcement ___________.

Answer 17

is more immediate than socially mediated forms of reinforcement

Question 18

True or False? Chomsky’s nativist theory has great empirical support.

Answer 18

False, Chomsky’s theory is largely just theory without support

Question 19

Palmer suggests alliteration, prosody, and rhyme might be ________.

Answer 19

unconditioned automatic reinforcer

Question 20

The role of automatic shaping may occasion speaking behavior ______.

Answer 20

which in turn can be reinforced by the verbal community.

Question 21

True or False? Shaping involves differential reinforcement.

Answer 21

True!

Question 22

Palmer’s ideas are consistent with _______, that behavioral phenomena like speaking are the result of environmental events.

Answer 22

determinism

Question 23

Mach’s influence on Skinner consisted on the view that:

Answer 23

the focus of science should be on measurable events.

Question 24

Bacon’s influence on Skinner was the attitude that:

Answer 24

• • it is important to study nature directly, not only through books
• • the true value of knowledge is in its applicability
• • you need to understand how you are affected by nature before you can control it

Question 25

Which of Skinner’s books influenced the development of the field of ABA?

Answer 25

Science and Human Bx

Question 26

Which book was considered by Skinner as his most important contribution to the study of human bx?

Answer 26

Verbal Bx

Question 27

What recorder device did Skinner invent to graph his laboratory data?

Answer 27

the cumulative recorder

Question 28

Jack Michael attributes his initial interest in Behavior Analysis to which book by Skinner:

Answer 28

Science and Human Behavior

Question 29

Jack Michael’s main contributions to the field of Bx Analysis are…

Answer 29

• • refinement of the concepts of motivation
• • refinement of the verbal operants
• • the first article demonstrating the application of the basic principles of bx to socially significant bx

Question 30

Ogden Lindsley created the ______, and developed ______.

Answer 30

standard celebration chart, precision teaching

Question 31

Who was the first Bx Analyst to apply the basic principles of bx to teach children diagnosed with Autism?

Answer 31

Lovaas

Question 32

The Journal of Applied Bx Analysis was first published this year –

Answer 32

1968

Question 33

Who are the authors of the seminal article “Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis” that was published in JABA in 1968?

Answer 33

Wolf, Baer, and Risley

Question 34

Who introduced single-subject case designs to the study of human bx?

Answer 34

Sidman

Question 35

True or False – automatic reinforcement is a special kind of reinforcement

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

Automatic Reinforcement refers to

Answer 36

Reinforcement that occurs without programmed social contingencies.

Question 37

Why can automatic reinforcement be considered controversial?

Answer 37

• • it implies a special kind of reinforcement
• • it is used in a circular way
• • it is used when no environment-bx functional relations are identified.

Question 38

Shaping is

Answer 38

differential reinforcement of successive approximations

Question 39

Parents tend to explicitly correct ____ errors, while ignoring ____ errors, when made by their children:

Answer 39

Facts: grammar

Question 40

Chomsky’s view of language was that grammar was:

Answer 40

innate

Question 41

the view that language is innate is called

Answer 41

Nativism

Question 42

The behavior analytic perspective of language is that it is

Answer 42

learned

Question 43

when your verbal behavior produces stimulus products that match those of the verbal community, the reinforcer consists of:

Answer 43

achieving parity