Unit 1: History of ABA and Automatic Shaping Flashcards
__________ reduce the reinforcing efficacy of a given stimulus and decrease the probability of the organism engaging in behaviors that have previously resulted in that reinforcer
abolishing operations
_____ refers to the way we learn by contacting contingencies directly or by observing consequences to others’ behaviors.
operant conditioning
all things being equal, the simplest explanation is the best one. this is the notion of ______.
parsimony
__________ is the dimension of ABA that suggests assessment and interventions must be reasonable in cost and lead to socially significant, long lasting change.
effective
The seminal article on the dimensions of ABA was authored by _______.
Baer, Wolf, and Risley
________ started the Analysis of Verbal Behavior journal and help develop the ABLLS
Sunberg
Palmer’s commentary of parity suggests ______ is often responsible for refining subtle changes in verbal behaviors.
automatic reinforcement
The change in bx brought on by a progressive program of reinforcement contingencies that is not arranged by other people.
Automatic Shaping
_________depends upon variability. If there were no variability in behavior, we wouldn’t be able to make reinforcement differentially applicable to different variants and we wouldn’t get changes in topography.
Shaping
Among this behavioral scientist’s important contributions was the development of operant theory?
Skinner
This behavior analyst began a journal looking at behavior analytic applications to organizations and industries
Daniels
The philosophy laid down by Skinner, Keller, Lindsley, and others is ______.
behaviorism
This scientist stressed the importance of positivism, observation and looking at functional relationships….and he lived a long time ago.
Mach
This scientist developed precision teaching.
Keller
This scientist developed the standard celebration chart.
Lindsley
The reinforcement of successive approximations to a terminal target bx is _______.
shaping
Palmer contends that automatic reinforcement ___________.
is more immediate than socially mediated forms of reinforcement
True or False? Chomsky’s nativist theory has great empirical support.
False, Chomsky’s theory is largely just theory without support
Palmer suggests alliteration, prosody, and rhyme might be ________.
unconditioned automatic reinforcer
The role of automatic shaping may occasion speaking behavior ______.
which in turn can be reinforced by the verbal community.
True or False? Shaping involves differential reinforcement.
True!
Palmer’s ideas are consistent with _______, that behavioral phenomena like speaking are the result of environmental events.
determinism
Mach’s influence on Skinner consisted on the view that:
the focus of science should be on measurable events.
Bacon’s influence on Skinner was the attitude that:
- it is important to study nature directly, not only through books
- the true value of knowledge is in its applicability
- you need to understand how you are affected by nature before you can control it
Which of Skinner’s books influenced the development of the field of ABA?
Science and Human Bx
Which book was considered by Skinner as his most important contribution to the study of human bx?
Verbal Bx
What recorder device did Skinner invent to graph his laboratory data?
the cumulative recorder
Jack Michael attributes his initial interest in Behavior Analysis to which book by Skinner:
Science and Human Behavior
Jack Michael’s main contributions to the field of Bx Analysis are…
- refinement of the concepts of motivation
- refinement of the verbal operants
- the first article demonstrating the application of the basic principles of bx to socially significant bx
Ogden Lindsley created the ______, and developed ______.
standard celebration chart, precision teaching
Who was the first Bx Analyst to apply the basic principles of bx to teach children diagnosed with Autism?
Lovaas
The Journal of Applied Bx Analysis was first published this year –
1968
Who are the authors of the seminal article “Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis” that was published in JABA in 1968?
Wolf, Baer, and Risley
Who introduced single-subject case designs to the study of human bx?
Sidman
True or False – automatic reinforcement is a special kind of reinforcement
FALSE
Automatic Reinforcement refers to
Reinforcement that occurs without programmed social contingencies.
Why can automatic reinforcement be considered controversial?
- it implies a special kind of reinforcement
- it is used in a circular way
- it is used when no environment-bx functional relations are identified.
Shaping is
differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Parents tend to explicitly correct ____ errors, while ignoring ____ errors, when made by their children:
Facts: grammar
Chomsky’s view of language was that grammar was:
innate
the view that language is innate is called
Nativism
The behavior analytic perspective of language is that it is
learned
when your verbal behavior produces stimulus products that match those of the verbal community, the reinforcer consists of:
achieving parity
