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Chemistry > Unit 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 2 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

What is the nucleus of the atom composed of?

A

Protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What is the relative size of the nucleus to the rest of the atom?

A

Really, really small (marble to football stadium/ 1 x 10^15)

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4
Q

What are the relative weights and charges of a proton, neutron, and electron?

A

Proton- +1; 1.007

Neutron- 0; 1.008

Electrons- -1; 5.45 x 10^-4

(numbers aren’t important, just know electrons are puny and protons and electrons are about the same size)

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5
Q

What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

A

Number of protons

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6
Q

What does the atomic mass of represent?

A

Number of protons plus the number of neutrons

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7
Q

How can you find the number of electrons a neutral atom has?

A

The number of protons equals the number of elcetrons

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8
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with a different number of protons and neutrons

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9
Q

What is the difference between a stable isotope and and unstable one?

A

Unstable isotopes (radioisotopes) decay while stable ones do not

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10
Q

How is the stability of an isotope defined?

A

The stability of an isotope is defined by whether or not the isotope undergoes radioactive decay

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11
Q

What happens to an unstable isotope?

A

Unstable isotopes undergo radioactibve decay

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12
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

An alpha particle is an atom with 2 protons and 2 neutrons (Helium-4)

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13
Q

Differentiate fusion and fission.

A

Fusion- nuclei combine to form a greater mass

Fission- splitting of nuclei into smaller fragments

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14
Q

Show the different ways to represent elements with their masses.

A

Ex: Uranium-238; 4/2 He

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15
Q

Differentiate between the average atomic mass and the mass number of an element.

A

Avg. atomic mass: average combined number of protons and neutrons in a given element

Mass number: number of protons and neutrons in a given atom

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16
Q

What is a horizontal row of the periodic table called?

A

Period

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17
Q

In what order are the elements listed on the periodic table?

A

The elements are listed by atomic number

18
Q

What is a group on the periodic table?

A

Family/ column of elements

19
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a different number of protons and neutrons

20
Q

Differentiate between a cation and anion?

A

Cations- atoms with positive charges

Anions- atoms with negative charges

21
Q

Where are the cations located on the periodic table?

A

Left of the carbon group

22
Q

Where are the anions located on the periodic table?

A

Right of the carbon group

23
Q

How do the number of valence electrons relate to an element becoming an anion or cation?

A

Cation- element has less than 4 valence electrons

Anion- element has more than 4 valence electrons

24
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An electron on the highest occupied energy level of an atom

25
Q

How do you know the number of valence electrons an element has?

A

The group/family

26
Q

What are the most general categories of the periodic table?

A

Metals, metalloids, and non-metals

27
Q

What type of material are most of the elements on the periodic table at room temperature?

A

Solid

28
Q

Which group has the most diverse properties?

A

Transition metals

29
Q

Which group contains three or more gases?

A

Noble gases

30
Q

What is the last stable, non-radioactive element on the periodic table?

A

Bismuth (Atomic number= 83)

31
Q

Which elements are more likely to gain electrons?

A

Anions

32
Q

What is the atomic radius trend?

A

Gets bigger going down and left on the periodic table

33
Q

What is the electronegativity trend?

A

Increases going right and up

34
Q

How do infrared waves compare to the visible spectrum?

A

Wider frequency than the visible spectrum

35
Q

Know how to use both electronegativity and atomic radius trend.

A

.

36
Q

Be able to complete nuclear reaction problems.

A

.

37
Q

Know your elements!!

A

.

38
Q

Write the abbreviated electron configuration for Al, K, Br, and Zn.

A

Al- [Ne] 3s2 3p1

K- [Ar] 4s1

Br- [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5

Zn- [Ar] 4s2 4d10

39
Q

Be able to identify an element by its configuraton.

A

.

40
Q

When are spectral lines emitted?

A

When electrons go back down to their base energy level

41
Q

How many levels are in the 3 principle quantam energy level?

A

3

42
Q

How many electrons can the 2nd principle energy level hold?

A

8

Chemistry (15 decks)

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