Biochemistry

Question 0

What are the simplest carbohydrate molecules called?

Answer 0

Monosaccharides

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have numerous hydroxyl groups attached

Question 2

What does a condensation reaction do?

Answer 2

Links the cyclic forms of two simples sugars

Question 3

What is the result of a condensation reaction?

Answer 3

Dehydration synthesis (removal of water)

Question 4

What are the polymers produced by the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers?

Answer 4

Polysaccharides

Question 5

What is the major storage form of glucose in plants?

Answer 5

Starches

Question 6

What is glycogen?

Answer 6

Animal starch stored in liver and muscles

Question 7

What is cellulose?

Answer 7

A substance that is indigestible to humans and forms cell walls

Question 8

Carbohydrates are mainly used a a key source of energy for ____________ and _____________

Answer 8

Cellular respiration; metabolism

Question 9

What process breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Hydrolysis (adding water)

Question 10

What does the body convert energy from food particles into?

Answer 10

Glucose/blood sugar

Question 11

What is an amino acid?

Answer 11

Any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule

Question 12

What is a protein?

Answer 12

A peptide with more than 100 amino acids

Question 13

What process determines the amino acid sequence in DNA?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis

Question 14

What are the two regular structures in protein chains?

Answer 14

Alpha helixes and beta-plated sheets

Question 15

Essentially, what does polypeptide mean?

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

True or false: There are 22 types of proteins.

Answer 16

False: there are hundreds

Question 17

What is generally used for energy when carbohydrates and fats are limited?

Answer 17

Proteins

Question 18

What is denaturation?

Answer 18

A process that proteins have when cooked at high temperatures that cause them to undergo physical changes

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 20

What are the molecules on which an enzyme acts?

Answer 20

Substrates

Question 21

What is the place where a substrate binds called?

Answer 21

Active site

Question 22

What is a portion of a molecule that is a recognizable/classified group of bound atoms?

Answer 22

Functional group

Question 23

What gives the molecule its properties?

Answer 23

Functional group

Question 24

What are lipids?

Answer 24

Fats, oils, and other water-insoluble compounds

Question 25

What are natural fats and oils called?

Answer 25

Trriglyceride

Question 26

What types of substances do lipids dissolve/not dissolve in?

Answer 26

Dissolve in organic solvents, but not in polar substances

Question 27

What is saponification?

Answer 27

The hydrolysis of oils or fats by boiling with an aqueous solution of an alkali-metal hydroxide

Question 28

What is saponification used to make?

Answer 28

Soap

Question 29

What is the spherical double laters that phospholipids spontaneously form?

Answer 29

Lipid bilayer

Question 30

What are waxes?

Answer 30

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols

Question 31

What does ATP transmit?

Answer 31

Energy

Question 32

What is metabolism?

Answer 32

The entire set of chemical reactions carried out by an organism

Question 33

Describe the two phases of metabolism.

Answer 33

Catabolism- unneeded cellular components and the nutrients in food are broken down into similar compounds by chemical reactions
Anabolism- the products and energy from catabolism are used to make new cell parts and compounds

Question 34

Are free radicals good or bad?

Answer 34

Bad

Question 35

What do antioxidants do?

Answer 35

Change free radicals to help prevent the negative effects to an extent