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Final Flashcards

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0
Q

What does denaturation do to the protein?

A

Changes the shape of the protein and decreases the solubility of the protein.

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1
Q

When cooked or agitated, proteins undergo physical changes called _____ and coagulation

A

Denaturation

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2
Q

Monosaccharides v. Disaccharide v. Polysaccharide

A

Monosaccharide- simplest carbohydrate molecules, also called simple sugar, abundant in plants and animals, ex. Glucose and fructose
Disaccharide- 2 simple sugars as a the result of a condensation reaction ( the cyclic forms of two simple sugars can be linked by a means of condensation reaction), ex. Sucrose or table sugar
Polysaccharide- polymers produced by the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers, ex. Starches consist of glucose monomers

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3
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monosaccharide- simplest carbohydrate molecules, also called simple sugar, abundant in plants and animals, ex. Glucose and fructose

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4
Q

Disaccharide

A

Disaccharide- 2 simple sugars as a the result of a condensation reaction ( the cyclic forms of two simple sugars can be linked by a means of condensation reaction), ex. Sucrose or table suga

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5
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Polysaccharide- polymers produced by the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers, ex. Starches consist of glucose monomers

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6
Q

What functional group has a carbon backbone?

A

Aldehyde functional group

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7
Q

What functional group had a cyclic form?

A

Ketone functional group

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8
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Portion of a molecule that is a recognizable group of bound atoms

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9
Q

What does the functional group to the molecule?

A

Chemical properties

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10
Q 
A student is preparing to run in a school track competition. For the quickest source of energy, the student should eat a high percentage of 
A. Carbohydrates 
B. Fat 
C. Proteins
D. Sodium
A

A. Carbohydrates

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11
Q 
Which of the following are the blocks of catalase?
A. Monosaccharides 
B. Nucleic acids 
C. Vitamins 
D. Amino acids
A

D. Amino acids

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12
Q 
Which of the following is a lipid? 
A. Cholesterol 
B. Cellulose 
C. Glucose 
D. Protein
A

A. Cholesterol

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13
Q 
The structure if which molecule contains a glycerol backbone? 
A. Protein 
B. Carbohydrate 
C. Nucleus Acid 
D. Lipid
A

D. Lipid

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14
Q 
Which organic compound undergoes partial chemical digestion in the human mouth? 
A carbohydrates
B fats
C proteins 
D amino acids
A

A carbohydrates

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15
Q

NH2 is an

A

Amino group

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16
Q 
Starch and glycogen are examples of a group of compounds classified as 
A peptides 
B polypeptides 
C disaccharide 
D polysaccharide
A

D polysaccharide

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17
Q 
Starch molecules are hydrolyzed  into smaller units known as 
A peptides 
B polypeptides 
C disaccharides 
D polysaccharides
A

D polysaccharides

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18
Q 
In humans, the chemical digestion of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates is completed in the 
A stomach 
B pancreas
C small intestine 
D large intestine
A

C small intestine

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19
Q 
Which of the following is the correct combination if processes that procedures and uses ATP? 
A condensation & hydrolysis 
B catabolism & anabolism 
C metabolism & anabolism 
D synthesis & hydrolysis
A

B catabolism & anabolism

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20
Q 
What is the main reason free radicals cause cellular damage? 
A strip electrons from molecules 
B alter the cell membrane 
C change the function of molecules 
D result if pollution
A

A strip electrons from molecules

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22
Q

Which of the following categories of organic molecules is correctly paired with one of its functions?
A. Nucleus acids- digest dead cells
B lipids - give quick energy to cells
C carbohydrates - store genetic information
D proteins - provide structure in skin, hair and nails

A

D proteins - provide structure in skin, hair and nails

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22
Q

There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?
A different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of cytoplasm
B most enzymes can catalyze many different reaction
C an enzyme binds to a specific substrate for the reaction catalyze
D enzymes are transported to a specific substrates by ribosomes

A

C an enzyme binds to a specific substrate for the reaction catalyze

23
Q 
In the human body, fibrinogen is necessary for dealing cuts and stopping the loss of blood. Since fibrinogen is made of chains of amino acids , it is an example of which type of organic molecule? 
A carbohydrate 
B protein 
C fatty acid 
D nucleic acid
A

B protein

24
Q

Which of the following best describes the composition of a nucleotide?
A A pair of six carbon rings attached to each other
B A carbon Atom joined to hydrogen and three functional groups
C chain of carbon atoms with a carboxylate group bounded to one end
D a five carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

A

D a five carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

25
Q

Which if the following is the main reason that humans need to include carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Carbohydrates are broken down in cells for energy

27
Q

What is one way that fatty acids are used in the body?

A

A for storing energy

28
Q

When is Earth Day?

A
  • April 22

- started in 1970

29
Q

rachel carson

A
  • marine biologist and conservationist
  • her book “silent spring” (About harmful effects of pesticides on the environment ) and other pieces started global environment movement
30
Q

properties of acids

A
  • tastes sour
  • corrosive
  • turns blue litmus paper red
  • reacts with metals to form H2 gas
  • Aqueous solutions are electrolytes
  • reacts with bases to from H2O and salt
31
Q

properties of bases

A
  • bitter taste
  • slippery
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • Aqueous solutions of bases are electrolytes
  • reacts with acids to from H20 and salt
32
Q

litmus vs PH paper

A

Litmus paper determines whether the substance is an acid or a base while PH paper informs you what the PH level of the substance

33
Q

what are two examples of functional groups

A

aldehyde and ketone

34
Q

the purpose of photosynthesis

A

using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to make glucose and oxygen

35
Q

photosynthesis

A

light capturing system that converts light energy to chemical energy within a chloroplast

36
Q

peptide bond

A

amide bond between carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen in the amino group of the next amino acid in the peptide chain

37
Q

kinetic energy

A

passing energy

38
Q

what is the neutralization reaction formula

A

acid + base -> salt + water

39
Q

what is a catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up a reaction but is not entirely used up

40
Q

what is le chatlier’s principle

A

stress applied to a system in equilibrium, system changes in a way that relieves that stress

41
Q

What does EPA stands for

A

Environmental Prtotection agency

42
Q

love canal

A

toxic waste that was secretly hidden under the school and then years later it started to affect the population around it

43
Q

carbohydrates

A

monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones with hydoxyl groups and made with C, O, H

44
Q

protein

A

a peptide with about one hundred amino acids

- ex. skin hair and muscles

45
Q

Amino Acid sequence is determined by DNA in the process of ____

A

protein synthesis

46
Q

amino acid group chain

A

amino acids + peptide bond= peptide

100+ amino acids = protein (polypeptide)

47
Q

where is glycogen stored?

A

animal starch stored in liver and muscles

48
Q

What are the three carbohydrates?

A

glycogen, cellulose, and starches

49
Q

what is the chemical structure of protein

A

amino acid group. carboxyl group and joined with carbon atom

50
Q

hydrolysis

A

the breaking down or chemical digestion of carbohydrates

51
Q

lipids

A

fats, oils and other water insoluble compounds

52
Q

triesters

A

natural occurring lipids

53
Q

what is the structure of lipids

A

consists of fatty acid molecules (carboxyl group backbone)

54
Q

nucleic acids

A

composed of sugar phosphate backbone and base pairs

ex. Uracil, Thymine, Guanine, Adenine , Cytosine

55
Q

the relative size of atoms v. macromolecules

A

macromolecule consists of 1,000 atoms

56
Q

organic v. inorganic compounds

A

organic compounds are naturally occurring compounds

inorganic compounds are chemically produced compounds

57
Q

condensation

A

two macromolecules are joined together to make larger, more complex molecule with the loss of H2O

Chemistry (15 decks)

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