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Psychology AS > UNIT 2: Social Influence > Flashcards

UNIT 2: Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Conformity

A

A change in behaviour or opinion due to the influence of the majority

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2
Q

4 Types of Social Influence

A

Conformity
Obedience
Minority Influence
Independent Behaviour

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3
Q

Define Obedience

A

An individual that does what an authority figure tells her/him to do

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4
Q

Define Minority Influence

A

When the minority persuades an individual to go along with the minority instead of the majority

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5
Q

Define Independent Behaviour

A

When an individual resists the pressure to conform or to obey

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6
Q

2 types of research

A

Studies

Theories

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7
Q

What is a study

A

A study is Finding out by doing something ( set up experiments)

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8
Q

An example of a study

A

A psychologist sets up an experiment to test whether people are more likely to hand over room keys to someone dressed in a uniform than to someone dressed in a suit

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9
Q

What is a theory

A

A theory is Putting forward an idea or explanation for something

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10
Q

Example of a theory

A

a psychologist proposes that a uniform give an impression of authority explaining why room keys are more readily handed over

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11
Q

2 types of conformity

A

internalisation and compliance

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12
Q

What is a reference group

A

the group to which you belong to and consider yourself a member of

e.g. a college class, sports club or friendship group

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13
Q

What are social norms

A

rules regarding the appropriate behaviour for that particular group/situation

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14
Q

Define implicit social norms

A

Unspoken but well understood and assumed norms

e.g. standing too close to strangers

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15
Q

2 types of social norms

A

implicit and explicit

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16
Q

Define explicit social norms

A

A clear and spoken instruction of we should behave

e.g. stand on the right on the London underground escalators

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17
Q

-Going along with the group publicly even if we do not really agree with what they are doing- compliance or internalisation?

A

Compliance

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18
Q

-Going along with the group because we accept their beliefs and attitudes and they become part of our way of viewing the world- Internalisation or compliance?

A

Internalisation

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19
Q

Define Internalisation

A

Internalisation is where the behaviour or belief of the majority is accepted by the individual and becomes part of his or her own belief system

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20
Q

Is internalisation deep or low level of conformity

A

deepest, most permanent as the behaviour will continue even if the original majority group is not present

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21
Q

Is compliance deep or low level of conformity

A

Most superficial, shallowest level of conformity

22
Q

What is normative social influence

A

Based on our desire to be liked and approved of and accepted. Publicly agreeing with the majority but privately maintaining our own views

23
Q

Is compliance an example of Normative social influence or Informational social influence?

A

Normative

24
Q

NSI stands for

A

Normative Social Influence

25
Q

Informational social influence is

A

based on our desired to be right.
When faced with a new situation we look to others who we believe are correct about how to behaviour, especially when it is an ambiguous situation.

26
Q

Is internalisation an example of Normative social influence or Informational social influence?

A

Informational social influence

27
Q

What type of conformity results from informational social influence?

A

Internalisation

28
Q

What type of conformity results from Normative social influence?

A

Compliance

29
Q

What does ISI stand for

A

Informational social influence

30
Q

Normative social influence leads to

A

Public conformity

31
Q

Public conformity leads

A

Compliance

32
Q

Compliance is a result of

A

Public conformity

33
Q

Public conformity is a result of

A

Normative social influence

34
Q

Informational Social influence leads to

A

Private conformity

35
Q

Private conformity leads to

A

Internalisation

36
Q

Internalisation is a result of

A

Private conformity

37
Q

Private conformity is a result of

A

Informational social influence

38
Q

What is the auto kinetic effect

A

When a person is put in a pitch black room and experiences an optical illusion of seeing a moving point of light when it is actually stationary

39
Q

What did Sherif do?

A

Auto kinetic effect

40
Q

Sherif’s 1st experiment

A

Asked each participant to estimate how far the light had moved
Variety of results but all relative
Estimates were put into groups of 3 and said out loud emerged into a group norm

41
Q

Sherif’s Second experiment

A

Sherif put them into groups first and asked each participant for there first estimate
Group norm emerged
When participants were asked again individually they continued to give estimates decided by the group earlier

42
Q

What type of conformity occurred in Sherif’ study

A

Internalisation because the participants obtained the same estimate after leaving the group because they believed it was right

43
Q

What type of social influence occurred in Sherif’s study

A

Informational social influence?

44
Q

Define Ecological validity

A

Whether the results are the same if they’re done in a lab (artificially) or in real life (everyday task)

45
Q

What is Asch’s experiment

A

One reference line and 3 other lines on a card, 2 of which are different lengths to the reference line and 1 matches, labelled A B C. Participants had to match the line that was the same length as the reference line. Asch used 1 naive participant surrounded by confederates to see if the participant would conform and call out the wrong answers like the confederates over the a number of trials.

46
Q

When was Asch’s experiment?

A

1951

47
Q

When was Sherif’s study

A

1935

48
Q

What did Asch investigate

A

Investigated conformity to majority social influence in an unambiguous situation

49
Q

Overall conformity rate in Asch’s experiment

A

32%

50
Q

Why did Asch’s experiment lack ecological validity

A

It was done in a lab environment under controlled conditions. Not an everyday task to measure lines, highly artificial.

51
Q

4 explanations for obedience to authority

A

Agent of state
Gradual commitment
Buffers
Legitimate authority

Psychology AS (7 decks)

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