Unit 2: Sac 3 Flashcards
SEM
Social-ecological model
What is the social-ecological model made up of?
Influencers
Influencers
Things that influence physical activity, can be enablers and barriers
Levels of the social-ecological models
Physical activity behaviour Individual factors Social environment Physical environment Policy
Factors of individual
Age Gender Self efficacy Skill level Enjoyment Education SES Attitudes and knowledge
Factors of social environment
Family Friends Partner Peers Institutions and organisations Health professionals Access to social support Cultural background Socioeconomic status of the community
Environmental factors
Geography Weather Availability and access to facilities Aesthtics Safety Community design Public transport
Policy
Urban planning policies Incentives Active transport policies Health policies Education policies Environmental policies Workplace policies Funding policies
Why do we need a model to explain physical activity participation?
Physical activity behaviour and the factors influencing it are very complex.
- provide a framework to understand the influences
- help design more effective interventions
- used to inform intervention, implementation and evaluation
Why use the socio-ecological model?
The social-ecological model helps to identify opportunities to promote participation in physical activity by recognising the multiple factors that influence an individual’s behaviour. All levels need to be addressed in order to create a change in behaviour.
Strategies to change the indivdidual factors
changing an individual’s knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and skills
education and mentoring programs.
Strategies to change the social factors
community education
support groups
workplace incentives
social marketing campaigns
Strategies to change the environmental factors
talking or bicycle tracks and parks and ease of access to them.
Environmental changes must be made before educational attempts.
Strategies to change policy factors
Strategies which align physical activity participation with priorities from other sectors can increase the chances of succeeding.
4 core principles of the SEM
Multiple factors influence behaviour
Environments are multidimesional and complex
Human-environment interactions can be described at varying levels of organisation
The interrelationships between people and their environment are dynamic
Where can intervention strategies be used?
Schools
Workplaces
Communities
Why a school based setting?
Potential to reach a large number of children
Accessibility to facilities and have a psotivie physical environment
Large social network
Access to trained PE teachers
Extra curricular and curricular activities
School based strategies in individuals
Development of fundamental motor skills through PE
Increased self efficacy
Creating awareness for students
Differentiated learning for studetns
School based strategies for social environment
Student led classes
community partnerships with local sport clubs
Peer support programs
run physical activity events during lunch and after school
School based strategies for environment
Secure bike parking Adequate playground areas for kids Equipment Gymnasiums, fields Increasing road safety
School based strategies for policy approaches
Mandates time for weekly sport and Pe classes
Implement policies around portable devices at lunch
management support for extra curricular events
Why a workplace based setting?
Majority of population works a significant proportion of their lives
Captive audience for 8 hours a day
Large groups
Benefits to employers
Workplace based strategies for Individual
Increases self efficacy
education programs for healthy lifestyles
individualised exercise programs
Creating greater awareness among employees
Workplace based strategies for Social
Create community partnerships wit local sport clubs
Conduct group fitness sessions
Run physical activity events after hours
Workplace based strategies for Environment
Secure bike parking Standing desks Shower and change facilities Well maintained stairs Greenspace nearby Gymnasiums
Workplace based strategies for Policy
Incentives for active transport Walking meetings Flexi hours Subsidise gym memberships Funds to build facilities Policies around devices Support for extra curricular activties
Why a community based setting?
Provide a far reaching impact on the population
But the program must be tailored to specific target groups
Community based strategies for individual
provide a variety of sport
Increase self efficacy
Community based education programs
Community based strategies for social
Train community leaders to promote physical activity
Supprt family based activiies
Ensure access to special needs progrmas
Community based strategies on Physical
Provide info to encourage individuals
Provide community facilities
Health and wellbeing newsletters
Ensuring safety in streets
Community based strategies for policy
Incentives for use of facilities
Funds to build facilities
Why are theoretical models are important?
Explain the determinants of physical activity
Explain the relationship between these factors and physical activity
Explain the relationships under which relationships do and do not occur
Intrapersonal theories
Focus on individual factors
Interpersonal theories
Focus on the interaction between the individual and the environment with which they live
What is a program for the elderly?
Choose Health: Be Active a guide for older people to educate and provide resources for elderly to achieve the recommended 30 mins of activity a day.
What is a program for females?
Make your move, which is a program that is designed to motivate and encourage girls to become more active in everyday life by providing resources
What is a program for rural and low socioeconomic status?
10,000 steps, although it is not just for rural communities it promotes incidental physical activity by helping people to achieve the ten thousand steps a day.
What is a program for disabled people?
Disability Sport Victoria, promotes disabled people participating in sport by providing resources and opportunity for disabled people
What is a program for indigenous?
ISARP, Indigenous sport and active recreation program
What strategies does the ISARP use?
Individual - increases self efficacy, funding allows people regardless of SES to participate in sport
Social - creates sporting teams and clubs, involves the whole community
Physical - funding allows people to build new sports facilities and equipment, aesthetics
Policy - allocating funding for the building/maintaining of recreational facilities, drug and alcohol free events
