Unit 2 : Physical activity, Sport and Society Flashcards
Enablers
Influences that encourage and facilitate physical activity
Barriers
Influences that discourage, prohibit or prevent physical activity
Influences
Things that influence physical activity
Why are influences are important?
To enable the government to develop strategies to promote physical activity
Enabler examples
Parents Social Media Friends Role models Experience Facilities Age Gender Culture Socioeconomic background
Barrier examples
Parents Social Media Friends Experience Facilities/location Age Gender Culture Socioeconomic background
Physical activity
Physical activity is any bodily movement that requiring the skeletal muscles and expend significant energy
Domains of physical activity
Household tasks/gardening,
Occupational tasks
Leisure time
Active transport
Four dimensions of physical activity
Frequency - how often
Intensity - how much effort required
Time - time spent doing the activity
Type - what exercise it is
Structured activity
Refers to activity that is planned
Incidental activity
Is unstructured activity accumulated throughout the course of the day
Incidental activities subcategory
Household chores/gardening
Active transport
Occupational activity
Play
Structured activity subcategory
Exercise
Recreation and leisure
Organised sport
Inactivity
Physical inactivity is defined as people undertaking ‘insufficient’ physical activity to achieve measurable health outcomes
Sedentary Behaviour
Sedentary behaviour is defined as the amount of time per day spent sitting or lying down (except sleeping) or engaged in non-active activities
MET
1 MET is the amount of energy you expend at rest
Leisure domain
Is what you choose to do outside of your occupation, ie; sport
Household chores/gardening domain
Chores that are carried out around the house ie; vaccuming
Occupational domain
Physical activity that is performed regularly as part of their occupation
Active transport domain
Human-powered transportation from one place to another ie; riding to work
MET’s for intensities
Sedentary - <1.6
Low - 1.7-2.9
Medium - 3-6
Vigorous - 7
Physical activity pyramid
Level 1 - lifestyle physical activity (incidental)
Level 2 - Aerobic activity and sports and recreation
Level 3 - strength and flexibility
Level 4 - Rest or inactivity
Lifestyle physical activity
Should be the most common form of activity undertaken daily, can be easily integrated as part of life, easy to perform, low to moderate intensity
Guidelines for 13-17 years (PA)
60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity every day.
Should include a variety of aerobic activities, including
some vigorous intensity activity.
Three days per week, young people should engage in activities that strengthen muscle and bone.
Young people should engage in more activity
Guidelines for 13-17 years (sedentary)
Limit use of technology to 2 hours a day
Break up extended periods of sitting as often as possible
Guidelines for 18-64 years (PA)
Doing any physical activity is better than doing none
Be active on most, preferably all, days every week.
Accumulate 150 to 300 minutes (2 ½ to 5 hours) of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 to 150 minutes (1 ¼ to 2 ½ hours) of vigorous intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination
Do muscle strengthening activities on at least 2 days each week.
Guidelines for 18-64 years (sedentary)
Minimise prolonged sitting
Break up extended periods of sitting as much as possible
Why do we measure PA?
Determine physical activity levels in a population
Identify high-risk subgroups by demographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity) and geographic location
Prioritize these populations for targeted interventions
Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
Study the relationships between physical activity and health conditions
Subjective
Rely on a person recalling or remembering which activities they participated in, or recalling their perception of the intensity of the session.
What a person experiences based on their past experiences, feelings, opinions and thoughts.
Objective
Rely on information presented by another person through direct observation, or from a device like a pedometer or an accelerometer.
What was actually observed without any individual’s perceptions
What can be measured
FITT
Context
Energy expenditure
Subjective measures
Self-report recall
Logbooks and diaries
Proxy reports
Objective measures
Pedometers Accelerometers Heart rate monitors Inclinometers Direct observation Digital tools
Advantages of subjective
Can capture both quantitive and qualitative information
Can be administered quickly and easily
Cost effective for large-scale studies
Usually low burden on participants
Disadvantages of subjective
Not suitable for children under 10 or elderly people, due to cognitive limitations
Reliability and validity problems associated with over-reporting due to social desirability bias, memory limitations or misinterpretation of physical activities
Interviewer may be needed to obtain accurate data
Advantages of direct observation
Good information
Allows for context to be taken into account
Good in schools
Disadvantages of direct observation
Highly obtrusive
Hard on large populations
Time consuming
Person may try harder knowing they are being watched
Advantage of pedometers
Inexpensive
Small
Can measure in lots of places
Immediate feedback
Disadvantage of pedometers
Assesses only steps
Cannot record intensity, frequency or time
No context
