Unit 2 - Respiration Flashcards
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What do enzymes in cells do?
Catalyze photosynthesis, protein-synthesis (joining together of amino acids) and aerobic respiration
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical process in which energy is realised from food substances (such as glucose)
What is the energy released in respiration used to make?
Large molecules from smaller ones
In plants what are eg sugars, nitrates and other nutrients converted into?
Amino acids
What else is the energy released in respiration used for?
- Allowing muscles to contract (in animals)
- To maintain a constant body temperature (in birds and mammals)
Where do most of the chemical reactions invocd happen?
In tiny objects inside the cell cytoplasm called **mitochondria **
What is the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → lactic acid + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration?
When the supply of oxygen can’t keep up with the demand
What does anaeroobic respiration provide?
The means in which continuting to produce energy without oxygen for a limited amount of time
Why does blood flow increase during excercise?
More energy is needed therefore more respiration if needed, this means blood flow incrases to supply more oxygen for respiration
Name the effects of excercise and explain them (5)
- Heart rate increases to increase the volume of lood pumped around the body per minute
- Deeper breaths to maintain the concentration gradient (of oxygen) between the blood and alveoli in the lungs
- Bigger stroke volume in the heart “
- **Breating rate increases **”
- Blood is diverted from non-esential organs eg to the muscles and not the the digestive system
Give 3 ways regular excercise effects your body
- Your **heart muscle **becomes stronger so that blood is pumped around your body more efficiently
- Your breathing becomes more efficient so that more air can be taken in with each breath
- Your blood circulation becomes improved so that more glucose and oxygen can be delivered to respiring muscles
The lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration causes muscles to work less efficiently, why is this?
Because lactic acid lowers the pH in muscle cells
What effects do the increase in acidity in muscle cells due to anaerobic respiration have on muscle cells?
- The pH is no longer at the optimum for enzymes to work efficiently. This slows down the rate of respiration in muscle cells
- The low pH affects muscle contraction, causing cramp and muscle fatigue
