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honors chemistry > unit 2 regents > Flashcards

unit 2 regents Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest characteristic particle of an element

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2
Q

what does the word atom stem from

A

the greek word atomos that means the smallest indivisible particle of matter, or something that cannot be divided.

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3
Q

what are molecules mode of

A

molecules are made up of atoms that are bonded to each other and remain intact even when the material is melted or boiled

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4
Q

what are the diatomic elements

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, flourine

HONClBrIF

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5
Q

what is a disatomic element

A

an element that doesnt exist on its own, but found in two atom pairs in nature.

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6
Q

whats the nucleus made of

A

protons and neutrons

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7
Q

what is the symbol for a proton

A

p+

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8
Q

what is the symbol for a neutron

A

n

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9
Q

what is the symbol for a electron

A

e-

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10
Q

what is the mass of a proton

A

1u

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11
Q

what is the mass of a neutron

A

1u

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12
Q

what is the mass of a electron

A

1/1837, or 0

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13
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

1+

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14
Q

what is the charge of a neutron

A

0

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15
Q

what is the charge of a electron

A

1-

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16
Q

where is a proton located in a atom

A

nucleus

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17
Q

where is a neutron located in an atom

A

nucleus

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18
Q

where is an electron located in the atom

A

outside the nucleus, or in an electron “cloud”

19
Q

what does the atomic number represent

A

the number of protons and electrons in an element

20
Q

what is the symbol for an atomic number

A

Z

21
Q

what is the mass number

A

sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

22
Q

what are the units for the mass number

A

AMU (atomic mass unit)

23
Q

what does X represent in an element

A

the elemental symbol

24
Q

what does A represent in an element

A

mass number

25
Q

what does Z represent in an element

A

atomic number

26
Q

what is the number of protons always equal to

A

number of electrons

27
Q

whats an isotope

A

when a element has it’s mass number changed via the change in neutrons

28
Q

what changes and stays the same in an isotope

A

number of neutrons and mass number changes, while the atomic number and amount of protons stays the same

29
Q

whats the average atomic mass of an element

A

the average of all masses of all naturally occurring isotopes per mole. ( relative abundance)

30
Q

what is the math to find the average atomic mass of a element given the atomic mass and natural abundance of an elements isotopes?

A

p1 = percent in decimal 1 m1 = mass 1
p2 = percent in decimal 2 m2 = mass 2

p1(m1) + p2(m2)

ex. oxygen:

0.5721(120.9038212) + 0.4279(122.9042160) = 121.7597901

the reference tables round to 121.760.

there may be more then 1 isotope of the element given so adjust as needed

31
Q

what does Bohr’s model of the atom state

A

that electrons are found orbiting a positively charged nucleus

32
Q

what does the wave mechanical model of the atom say about electrons?

A

that they are found in regions of probability around the nucleus called orbitals

33
Q

what did Rutherford’s model of the atom state

A

that electrons are found orbiting a positively charged nucleus

34
Q

what did Thomson’s model of the atom state

A

that electrons are mixed in evenly with a positive charge

35
Q

Who was responsible for the plum pudding model and cathode ray tube experiment

A

Thomson

36
Q

who was responsible for the gold foil experiment

A

Rutherford

37
Q

who was responsible for the light spectra and planetary model

A

Bohr and rutherford

38
Q

what happens when a electron drops from a high to low energy level

A

light is released in the form of photons aka light

39
Q

what happens when an electron jumps from a low to a high energy level

A

light is absorbed

40
Q

what is responsible for emission spectra

A

when an electron drops from a high to low energy level, releasing photons. put the rays through a prism, and you get the spectrum.

41
Q

what is responsible for a absorption spectra

A

when an electron climbs from a low to high energy level. Photons are absorbed, and the light remaining light has missing black bars, which represent the light absorbed.

42
Q

what is a valence electron

A

an electron on the outermost shell of the atom.

43
Q

how to make an electron enter an excited stater

A

make it absorb energy. one of the most common ways is heating up.

44
Q

how to tell if an electron config is in-ground or excited state

A

if the electrons skipped filling a shell, and went to the next. this is typically an indicator of an excited atom.

honors chemistry (6 decks)

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