solution chemistry quiz Flashcards
what is a solution
a specific type of homo. mixture containing at least 2 substances (solute + solvent)
what is a solute
a substance that is dissolved in another substance
what is a solvent
substance in greater abundance in which another substance is dissolved
what does the composition of a solution look like
uniform throughout
whats an unsaturated solution
one that’s solute amt is lower then the curve.
whats a saturated solution
one that’s solute amt is on the curve
whats a super saturated solution
one that’s solute amt is above the curve
whats a aqueous solution
solvent is water; dissolved in water
whats solubility
the degree to which a substance can dissolve
what is solubility dependent on
pressure, temperature, chemical properties of solute and solvent
how does changing pressure effect solubility in gases?
in gases: ↑pressure ↑solubility
how does changing pressure effect solubility in solids and liquids?
in solids and liquids: no change
how does changing temperature effect solubility in solids
solids: ↑temp = ↑ solubility
how does changing temperatures effect solubility in gases
solubility decreases as temp increases and pressure decreases
opposite of ideal gas curve
what are polar solvents
ex: water
dissolves polar solutes
due to attractive forces between molecules (partial pos and neg)
can ionic solids dissolve in polar solvents
yes they can. when they do, they dissociate into component ions and act as electrolytes
can polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes
Polar solvents cannot dissolve non-polar solutes
can non polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
Non-polar solvents cannot dissolve polar solutes
can non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes
non-polar solvents can dissolve polar-solutes
what are colligative properties
when a solute interrupts the normal behavior of a solvent.
what are colligative properties dependent on, and what are they not dependent on
number of particles present in a solution (concentration)
not dependent on type of particle or mas
whats freezing point depression
when freezing point decreases with the addition of a solute.
why does freezing point depression occur
Solute particles hinder solvent particles from clustering together effectively to solidify
whats boiling point elevation
boiling point can be increased with the addition of a solute
why does boiling point elevation occur
solute molecules occupy space at surface, lowering rate of vaporization.
solute particles introduce new attractive forces with the solvent molecules, trapping them in the liquid phase.
what type of solute has the greatest effect on freezing/boiling point
ionic solutes, as they can dissociate in solution, multiplying their effectiveness. twice as much solute.
what is molarity
moles per liter
what is the unit for molarity
M
what is the molarity formula
x moles/ x liters
