unit 1 honors stuff Flashcards
whats a colloid
a heterogenous mixture that appears uniform to the eye.
examples: homogenized milk: fat is mixed into the liquid instead of being a separate layer
lotion: colloid emulsion of oils and water
whats an emulsifying agent
a substance that is soluble in both liquids and stabilizes the mixture (ex. egg yolk in mayo)
size of particles in a solution mixture (nm)
< 2 nm
size of particles in a colloid mixture (nm)
2nm-500nm
size of particles in a suspension mixture
500nm-1000nm
3 characteristics of solution mixtures
not filterable,
doesn’t separate when standing
doesn’t scatter visible light
4 characteristics of colloid mixtures
not filterable
doesnt separate on standing
scatters visible light
translucent or opaque
3 characteristics of suspension mixtures
filterable
separates on standing
cloudy or opaque
example of a solution mixture
air, gasoline, salt water
example of a colloid mixture
smoke, fog, ink, milk, butter, cheese
example of a suspension mixture
muddy water, hot cocoa, blood, paint
what are the three ways to separate heterogenous solutions
decanting, centrifugation, using a magnet
what does decanting exploit
it exploits different masses
what does centrifugation exploit
different densities
what does using a magnet exploit
exploiting different magnetic properties
what is the tyndall effect
scattering of light passing through a colloid (doesn’t occur in solutions)
whats gay-lussac’s law of combining volumes
the ratio between volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed by simple, whole numbers
H2(g) + Cl2(g) -> 2HCl(g)
1 vol 1 vol 2 vol
1:1:2 ratio
what is the formula for the ideal gas law
PV = nRT
n is the number of gas molecules
R is the universal gas constant
what is an ideal look at avagadro’s hyopthesis
if p1 = p2, v1 = v2, t1 = t2, then n1= n2 n matter what the gases are
whats effusion
the escape of gaseous molecules through a small hole, into an evacuated space
whats graham’s law of effusion
rate of effusion depends on the mass of the molecules and their temperature.
light molecules diffuse more rapidly then heavy molecules, if pressure and temperature is the same
whats the pressure of each gas in a mixture called
The pressure of each gas in a mixture is called the partial pressure of the gas
whats dalton’s law of partial pressures
total pressure of a mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures (assuming constant temp and no interaction of gases)
total pressure = p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 …
how do you determine which substance will have the highest rate of effusion
the lower the density (found in table s), the higher the rate of effusion.
in which way do real gases deviate from ideal gas behaviour?
real gas molecules have attractive forces
how do you seperate a homogeneous solution
distillation, chromatography, crystillization
