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SPRING 2024: RADIATION PROTECTION Class Notes Flashcards > UNIT 2: Radiation Monitoring > Flashcards

UNIT 2: Radiation Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

When is personnel monitoring of radiation required?

A

if occupational worker is likely to receive 10% or more exposure of annual limit

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2
Q

What is the annual occupational effective dose limit?

A

50 msv (5000 mrem/5rem)

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3
Q

Identify the purposes and non purposes of personnel dosimeters

A

• Purposes: indication of working habits and conditions, determines occupational exposure
• Nonpurposes: does not protect wearer from exposure

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4
Q

Describe how the personnel monitoring device should be worn: with an apron, without an apron, if radiographer is pregnant

A

• With an apron: at collar level, outside of apron approximate dose to skin, eyes, thyroid
• Without an apron: at collar level, monitors dose to thyroid, head (eyes), neck (skin)
• If the radiographer is pregnant: 1 at waist level under the lead, monitors dose to protected fetus and 1 at the collar

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5
Q

Where is a common location for extremity badges to be worn?

A

ring on finger

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6
Q

Identify the 3 types of personnel dosimeters currently used to measure individual radiation exposure.

A

OSL, TLD, lonization chamber

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7
Q

What does OSL stand for?

A

Optically Stimulated Luminescence

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8
Q

OSL sensing material

A

Aluminum Oxide

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9
Q

How does the OSL dosimeter work?

A

Read out by using laser light

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10
Q

OSL advantages and disadvantages

A

•Advantages: may be worn up to a year, light weight, durable, easy to wear, can be reread
•Disadvantages: occupational radiation exposure is recorded only in the body area where the device is attached

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the control monitor/badge?

A

Serve as a basis for comparison with the remaining OSL dosimeters after they have been returned to the company for processing

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12
Q

Where should the control monitor/ badge be kept?

A

radiation free area within an imaging facility

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13
Q

How is the read out of personnel monitoring badges adjusted if the control badge reads higher than zero?

A

The reading must be subtracted from each of the remaining OSL’s in the batch to ensure accuracy

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14
Q

How can occupation effective dose be determined if a personnel monitoring device is not worn?

A

they will get an estimated amount based on the occupational worker’s history

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15
Q

What unit of measurement is commonly used on the radiation dosimetry report?

A

mRem, but can be requested in mSv

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16
Q

What time frames are reported on the personnel monitoring report?

A

-Monthly, quarterly, yearly, lifetime equivalent

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17
Q

Which personnel dosimeter can be reread?

A

OSL

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18
Q

Which personnel dosimeter can only be read once?

A

TLD

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19
Q

Which personnel dosimeter is most common?

A

OSL

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20
Q

Which personnel dosimeter is an extremity dosimeter?

A

TLD

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21
Q

Explain what “deep”, “eye”, and “shallow” indicate on a report and which filters are associated with each.

A

• Eye: radiation equivalent dose to the lens of the eye at a tissue depth of 0.3cm (Tin OSL)
• Shallow: the external exposure of the skin or extremity at a tissue depth of 0.007 cm averaged over an area of 1cm (Aluminum OSL)
• Deep: external whole body absorbed dose determined by a personnel dosimeter at a tissue depth of 1cm (Copper OSL)

22
Q

Define “M” on the dosimeter report

A

an equivalent dose below the minimum measureable radiation quantity was recorded during that time

23
Q

In well-structured facilities, who receives and reviews the dosimeter monitoring report?

A

Radiation safety officer

24
Q

T to F: OSL dosimeters can be reread

A

True

25
Q

What does TLD stand for?

A

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

26
Q

TLD sensing material

A

lithium fluoride

27
Q

How do TLD’s work?

A

Heat read out

28
Q

TLD advantages and disadvantages

A

•Advantages: accurate and reliable, small and light weight, cost effective because it can be reused
•Disadvantages: readings will be lost if not carefully recorded, readout process destroys information stored in TLD which means it cannot serve as a permanent legal record of exposure

29
Q

How does the Personnel Digital lonization Chamber (DIS) work

A

Immediate measurement and read out available when connected to the computer via USB

30
Q

Personnel Digital lonization Chamber (DIS) advantages and disadvantages

A

• Advantages: instant access to data, lightweight, durable
• Disadvantages: radiation exposure cannot be determined if dosimeter is not regularly used

31
Q

Which personnel device(s) are generally “read” every 3 months?

A

OSL and TLD

32
Q

Which personnel device(s) are generally “read” daily?

A

Personnel Digital lonization Chamber

33
Q

Which radiation survey instruments measure both radiation exposure & exposure rate?

A

lonization chamber-type survey meter (cutie pie), Proportional Counter

34
Q

Which radiation survey instruments measure exposure rate only?

A

GM survey meter

35
Q

What is known as the “Cutie Pie”

A

lonization Chamber-Type Survey Meter (gas filled radiation survey instrunment)

36
Q

lonization Chamber-Type Survey Meter radiation detected

A

• X-radiation
• Gamma radiation

37
Q

What is the lonization Chamber-Type Survey Meter used for?

A

measures radiation exposure and exposure rate to help determine accuracy of radiographic equipment and presence of radiation

38
Q

lonization Chamber-Type Survey Meter advantages and disadvantages

A

•Advantages: the ability to measure a wide range of radiation exposure within a few seconds over a broad expanse of radiation energies
•Disadvantages: delicate detector of the unit, without adequate warm-up time it can produce an inaccurate reading

39
Q

Which is the instrument of choice when determining exposure rates from patients containing therapeutic doses of radioactive material and measuring rates in radioisotope storage facilities?

A

lonization Chamber-Type Survey Meter

40
Q

Proportional Counter radiation detected

A

alpha and beta

41
Q

Proportional counter uses

A

No useful purpose

42
Q

Geiger-Muller Survey Meter radiation detected

A

Sensitive, able to detect individual particles except alpha particles. Can also detect photons.

43
Q

Geiger-Muller Survey Meter uses

A

• can detect area contaminated by radioactive material
• locate radioactive source

44
Q

Geiger-Muller Survey Meter advantages and disadvantages

A

•Advantages: offers rapid monitoring, scan radiation barriers and detect defects
•Disadvantages: unless corrected, provides wrong readings, likely to saturate or jam when placed in pulsed high intensity radiation area

45
Q

Which survey meter is most used in Nuclear Medicine

A

GM survey meter

46
Q

Which type of equipment can be used to measure radiation output from radiographic & fluoroscopic equipment?

A

Ionization Chamber-Type Survey Meter

47
Q

List the annual measurements that must be performed as required by the state, federal, and healthcare accreditation organizations for radiographic/ fluoroscopic devices

A

•X-ray output in Gy or mGy
•Fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min or R/ min
•kVp setting accuracy
•Exposure timer exactness
•Half-value layers or beam quality

48
Q

Ionization chambers are used to measure radiation output from which unit?

A

X-ray unit and Fluoroscopic unit

49
Q

What is the radiation safety officer responsible for

A

Reviewing personnel reports and maintaining a radiation safety program

50
Q

To keep radiation exposure ALARA, most health care facilities issue dosimeter devices when personnel could receive approximately:

A

1% of the annual occupational EfD limit

SPRING 2024: RADIATION PROTECTION Class Notes Flashcards (13 decks)

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