Unit 2 questions

Question 1

. Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body’s mass. These include ________.
a. calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbon
b. oxygen, calcium, iron, and nitrogen
c. sodium, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen
d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 2

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________.
a. electron
b. atom
c. elemental particle
d. isotope

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. atoms

Answer 3

protons

Question 4

. On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have ________.
a. about 80 neutrons each
b. fewer than 80 neutrons each
c. more than 80 neutrons each
d. more electrons than neutrons

Answer 4

more than 80 neutrons each

Question 5

Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

Answer 5

two

Question 6

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?
a. H2O
b. 2H
c. H2
d. H +

Answer 6

H2

Question 7

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________.
a. ionic bonds
b. nonpolar covalent bonds
c. polar covalent bonds
d. hydrogen bonds

Answer 7

polar covalent bonds

Question 8

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
a. an ion
b. an anion
c. nonpolar
d. all of the above

Answer 8

ion

Question 9

. A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________.
a. noble gas
b. salt
c. electrolyte
d. dipole

Answer 9

salt

Question 10

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?
a. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
b. Hydrogen bonds occur between two atoms of hydrogen.
c. Bonding readily occurs between nonpolar and polar molecules.
d. A molecule of water is unlikely to bond with an ion.

Answer 10

potential energy

Question 11

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
a. catabolic
b. synthesis
c. decomposition
d. exchange

Answer 11

synthesis

Question 12

is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction.
a. anabolic
b. endergonic
c. decomposition
d. exchange

Answer 12

decomposition

Question 13

________ reactions release energy.
a. Catabolic
b. Exergonic
c. Decomposition
d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Answer 13

Catabolic, exergonic and decomposition

Question 14

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?
a. hydrogen and hydrogen
b. hydrogen and helium
c. helium and helium
d. neon and helium

Answer 14

hydrogen and hydrogen

Question 15

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.
a. the inside of the mouth maintains a very high temperature
b. chewing stores potential energy
c. chewing facilitates synthesis reactions
d. saliva contains enzymes

Answer 15

saliva contains enzymes

Question 16

CH4 is methane. This compound is ________.
a. inorganic
b. organic
c. reactive
d. a crystal

Answer 16

organic

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?
a. sodium ions and chloride ions
b. NaCl molecules
c. salt crystals
d. red blood cells

Answer 17

sodium ions and chloride ions

Question 18

Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolate-chip batter is an example of a ________.
a. solvent
b. solute
c. solution
d. suspension

Answer 18

suspension

Question 19

A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl– in solution. The substance is a(n) ________.
a. acid
b. base
c. salt
d. buffer

Answer 19

salt

Question 20

. Ty is three years old and as a result of a “stomach bug” has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?
a. Ty’s blood is slightly acidic.
b. Ty’s blood is slightly alkaline.
c. Ty’s blood is highly acidic.
d. Ty’s blood is within the normal range

Answer 20

Tys blood is slightly alkaline

Question 21

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________.
a. polymer of carbohydrate
b. pentose monosaccharide
c. hexose monosaccharide
d. all of the above

Answer 21

Hexose monosaccharide

Question 22

What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?
a. glucose
b. glycogen
c. galactose
d. glycerol

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?
a. phosphate
b. adenine
c. amino
d. ribose

Answer 23

amino

Question 24

A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?
a. polysaccharides
b. nucleic acids
c. phosphorylated glucose
d. glycogen

Answer 24

nucleic acid

Question 25

A phospholipid ________.
a. has both polar and nonpolar regions
b. is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group
c. is a building block of ATP
d. can donate both cations and anions in solution

Answer 25

has both polar and non polar regions

Question 26

In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ________.
a. beta chain
b. pleated sheet
c. alpha helix
d. double helix

Answer 26

double helix

Question 27

Uracil ________.
a. contains nitrogen
b. is a pyrimidine
c. is found in RNA
d. all of the above

Answer 27

all the above

Question 28

The ability of an enzyme’s active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.
a. selectivity
b. specificity
c. subjectivity
d. specialty

Answer 28

Specificity