Unit 2 Puberty Flashcards
Onset of Puberty in Females
- Age at First Estrus (Heat)
- Age at First Ovulation
- Age at which Female Can Support Pregnancy
Onset of Puberty in Males
- Age When Behavioral Traits are Expressed
- Age at First Ejaculation
- Age When Sperm First Appear in the Ejaculate
- Age When Sperm First Appear in the Urine
- Age When the Ejaculate Contains a Threshold Number of Sperm
Factors Affecting Puberty (Environment)
- Plane of Nutrition
- Temperature
- Poor Health
- Season or Photoperiod
- Presence of Absence of the Opposite Sex
- Density of the Groups
A region of the medial hypothalamus at the level of the optic chiasm
Supraoptic or Anterior region
A region of the medial hypothalamus at the level of the tuber cinereum (median eminence)
Tuberal or Middle region
A region of the medial hypothalamus at the level of the mammillary bodies
Mammillary or Posterior region
In the supraoptic region, the neurons produce predominantly oxytocin and minimally ADH
Paraventricular Nucleus
In the supraoptic region, the neurons produce predominantly ADH and minimally oxytocin
Supraoptic Nucleus
The hormones from the supraoptic region are transported down the ? to the posterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamic - Hypophyseal Tract
Paraventriculo-hypophyseal tract OR
Supraoptico-hypophyseal tract
Also called as the Infundibular or Periventricular nucleus
Tubular Region: Arcuate Nucleus
What type of hormones does the Arcuate Nucleus’ neurons contain? And which area do they regulate upon hormone release?
Releasing or Inhibiting Hormones
Anterior Pituitary Gland
They carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary with little / no dilution in systemic blood, they also allow rapid response
Hypothalamus-Hypophyseal Portal System
A hypothalamic function wherein there is synthesis of ? and ? which are then stored by the posterior pituitary gland
Oxytocin and ADH
Direct Effects on Endocrine System
A hypothalamic function wherein there is production and release of ? which either stimulate/inhibit hormone release from anterior pituitary gland
Hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones
Indirect effects on the endocrine system
The master switch board of hormone regulation
Hypothalamus
A pea-sized endocrine grand located at the base of the brain
Pituitary Gland
Also known as the master gland; consists of an anterior and posterior lobe
Pituitary Gland
Also known as the neurohypophysis
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Directly releases hormones into the blood stream
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Do not have cells that produce hormones
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Also known as the adenohypophysis
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Contains cells that produce specific hormones
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormones (ACTH)
Corticotrophs
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Gonadotrophs
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyrotrophs
Prolactin
Lactotrophs
Growth hormones
Somatotrophs
