UNIT 2- PSYCH THEORIES & THERAPIES Flashcards

Question

What is denial?

Answer 1

Defense mechanism: Involves blocking external events from awareness if some situation is just too much to handle. The person will refuse to to experience it.

Answer 2

Defense mechanism: This involves individuals attributing their own unacceptable thoughts, feelings and motives to another person.

Answer 3

Defense mechanism: Satisfying an impulse with a substitue object

Answer 4

Defense mechanism: This a a movement back in psychological time when one is faced with stress

Answer 5

Defense mechanism: Satisfying an impuslse w/a substitute object in a socially acceptable way. example sports instead of impulse

Answer 6

Herbert "Harry" stack Sullivan 1. Believed that special forces and interpersonal problems were the cause of psychiatric alterations 2. Humans are driven by the need for interaction 3. Loneliness is the most painful human experience 4. Early relationships with primary caregiver is crucial for personalility 5. Anxiety is based on approval or disapproval of significant caregiver 6. All behavior is based on avoiding anxiety and threats to self esteem 7. Focus is on the "good me" 8. Personalility can be influenced as a child and an adult

Answer 7

1. IPT (interpersonal therapeutic model)- is a hands on system in which therapisits actively guide and challange mal-adaptive behaviors and distorted views. - If people are aware of thier dysfunctional patterns and unrealistic expectations, they can modify them. 2. The foucs is on the HERE & NOW. - Emphasis on patients life and relationship at home at work and socially 3. Therapist becomes a "participant observer" and reflects the patients interpersonal behavior, including responses to the therapist.

Answer 8

1. Ivan Pavlov 2. John B. Watson 3. B.F Skinner

Answer 9

Behavioral theorist 1. Classical coniditioning 2. Pavlov dogs

Answer 10

He was a behavioral theorists 1. Personalility traits and responses, adaptive and maladaptive are learned 2. "little albert"- 9m old child conditioned to be afraid of the sight of white fur or hair... also considered classical conditioning.

Answer 11

1. Operant coniditoning- voluntary behaviors are learned through consequences of postive reinforcement or negative reinforcement/punishment

Answer 12

Attempt to correct or eleiminate maladaptive behavior

Answer 13

Part of the behavior therapeutic model 1. Based on classical coniditoning 2. Relaxation and exposure to anxiety provoking stimuli 3. Sucsessful in the treatment of extreme fears and phobias Exposing them to a stressor slowly until they are no longer bothered

Answer 14

Part of the behavioral therapeutic model 1. Based on both classical conditioning 2. Used to eradicate unwanted habits by associating unpleasent consequences with them 3. Antabuse- for alcohol addictions 4. Biofeedback- control physiological responses such as breathing, brain wavies, temp, hr, bp, breathing, by providing auditory and visual feedback of physicological responses and then usuing relaxation techniques to chance physiological responses

Answer 15

Belief: concerned with the hman potentional for development, knowledge, attainment, motiviation, and understanding. "Maslow hiarchy of needs" Basic needs must be met before higher ones can be achieved

Answer 16

1. Phsyiological need: Breathing, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep 2. Safety and security: Health, employeement, property, family, social stability 3. Love & Belonging: Friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection 4. Self- Esteem: Confidence, achievement, respect of others 5. Self-Act: utilization, morality, creativity, acceptance.

Answer 17

Carl rogers, American psychologist, person centered care believed 1. people are basically healthy and good 2. innate self-actualizing tendencies to grow, develope and realize their full potential 3. "clients" were in the best position to explore, understand, and identify solutions to their problems 4. Focus is on SELF AWARENESS and the present 5. Therapist seeks clarification and provides encouragement 6. Therapist must be congruent, empathetic and respectful

Answer 18

Aaron T beck... believed... 1. Depressed people have standard patterns of negative self-critical thinking 2. Cognitive appraisals led to emotional responses, not the actual event but how one perceives the event

Answer 19

1. seeks to modify negative thoughts that leads to dysfunctional emotions and actions 2. Schemata, unique assumptoms about ourelves, others and the world 3. Automatic thoughts (cognitive distortions) are rapid unthinking responses. Common in anxiety and dperession 4. Replace distortions with rational thinking

Answer 20

1. thnkin gin black and white, reducing complex outcomes into absolutes

Answer 21

1. Using a bad outcome (or a few bad outcomes) as evidence that nothing will ever go right again

Answer 22

1. A form of generalization where a characterist or event becomes definitive and results in overly harsh label for self or others

Answer 23

1. Focusing on a negative detail or bad event and allowing it to taint everything

Answer 24

1. Maintaining a negative view by rejecting informtion that supports a positve view as being irrelevant, inaccurate or accidental

Answer 25

Making a negative interpretation despite the fact there is little or no supporting evidence

Answer 26

1. inferring negative thoughts, responses and motives of others

Answer 27

1. Anticipating that things will turn out badly as an established fact

Answer 28

1. Exaggerating the importance of something (personal failure) or reducing the important of somehting

Answer 29

An extreme form of magnification in which the very worst is assumed to be a probable outcome

Answer 30

rigid self directives that presume an unrealistic amount of control over external events

Answer 31

1. Assuming reponsiblity for an external event of situation that was likely out of personal control

Answer 32

1. Mental disorders have a physical cause - Will respond to physical tx - in the 1950's a surgeon noticed that surgical patients were clamed by chlorpromazine (thorazine as a preanestethic agent) which soon was used for schizophrenia which reduced the need for restraint and secultion - Development of other drug-based treatment and the chemical imbalanced theory

Answer 33

Pychopharmacology is the primary biological treatment for mental disorders 1. Antidepressants 2. antipsychotics 3. antianxiety 4. mood stabilizers 5. Psychostimulants also 1. Correcting hormone imblances 2. Regulating deficent diets 3. Electroconculsive therapy: changes brain chemistry with generalized seizures 4. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST)- produces sizures more focal and high frequency pulces 5. Vagus nerve stimulation- stimulates the vagus nerve which improves neuro transmitters 6. Deep brain stimulation: DBS surgically implanted electrodes that stimulate certain parts of the brain

Answer 34

Yes- mood changes, thinking correctly, can be the cause of delusions and hallucinations

Answer 35

Repettive transcranial magnetic stimulation- electromagnetic devices to deliver a rapidly pulsed magnetic field to the cerebral cortex to activate neurons

Answer 36

Electroconvulsive therapy- effective tx for severe depression and other psychatric conditions- uses electrical CURRENT to induce a seozire and it is thought to work by affecting neurotransmitters and neuro receptors

Answer 37

Magnetic seizure therapy- higher frequency electronic pulses instead of electricity to induce seizures

Answer 38

stimulates the vagus nerve which results in increased levels of neurotransmitters

Answer 39

Deep brain stimulation- relies on surgically implanted electrodes stimulating a specific area of the brain

Answer 40

1. Interpersonal relationships in nursing strongly influences the outcome of the patient - mild, moderate, sever, panic anxiety Example-- sitting quietly beside a new father who has recently lost his job and attempted suicide and does not want to talk

Answer 41

1. Living adaptively with chronic mental illness and substance abuse 2. shifts the responsibility of care from the provider to the patient 3. Emphasizes hope, social connection, empowerment, coping strategies and meaning in life basically patients with mental illness and substance abuse can live in the community with the understanding that the responsiblity shifts from the provider to the patients. Patient must manage mental well being. rather than just placing them in

Answer 42

6-10 people

Answer 43

Interpersonal theory-- interaction within the group provides support

Answer 44

1. Private, comfortable seating and arranged so people can see each other

Answer 45

Task role 1. Keep group focused 2. Attend to business at hand Maintenance role 1. Keep group together 2. Provide interpersonal support

Answer 46

1. Defines the structure, size, composition, purpose, timing, facilitates communication 2. Ensures each member summarizes accomplishments and give postive and negative feedbacks

Answer 47

1. Exerts control over the group

Answer 48

1. Supports extensive group interaction in the process of problem solving

Answer 49

Allows groups to behave however they want and doesnt attmpt to control the direction of the group

Answer 50

1. Requires expert leadership and careful planning

Answer 51

1. Time limited and have a common goal, team leader, facilitates team building cooperation

Answer 52

People with common concerns and may be facilitated by a supportive leader or group members

Answer 53

1. Led by professional group therapists. Therapists can be directive and confrontational, or a more hands off approach

Answer 54

Giving help to others

Answer 55

Feeling connected and belonging

Answer 56

reciving help and advise

Answer 57

releasing feeling and emotions

Answer 58

Modeling after member or leader

Answer 59

Role playing- testing new behaviors in a safe environment

Answer 60

1. gaining peronsal insight

Answer 61

feeling hopeful about ones life

Answer 62

Feeling that one is not alone

Answer 63

coming to understand what life is about

Answer 64

1. Medication education groups 2. Dual-dianosis groups (COLED) 3. Symptom management groups 4. Stress managment groups 5. Self-care groups 6. No psychotherapy

Answer 65

1. Healthy environment and social structure 2. Inpatient setting or structured outpatient clinic 3. safe space to test new behaviors 4. increase their ability to interact adaptively with outside community 5. Group meeting to set goals - orienting new memebers - encourage patients to participate in treatment teams - evaluate treatment program - nurse led

Answer 66

Therapistis use a variety of therapeutic methods 1. Improve communication 2. Understand and manage special family situations 3. Improve functioning of th ehome enviroment 4. identify and shift dysfunction interaction and dynamics 5. Mobilize family strengths and resources 6. strengthen family problem solving behaivor

Answer 67

Primary care providers 1. Lessens stigma 2. Disadvantages- time constraints, lack of expertise in psychiatry Patient-centered medical homes model (PCMH) 1. Comprehensive care 2. Patient centered 3. Coordinated care 4. Accessible 5. Quality and safety

Answer 68

1. Decreases hopitalizations 2. alternate to clinical settings 3. Reimbursement requires patient to homebound

Answer 69

1. Intermediate steps between inpatient and outpatient care 2. IOPS half days m-f 3. PHPs 6 hour days M-F 4. Structures activites with nursing and medical supervision, intervention and treatment 5. Can be in general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and as part of community mental health 6. Multidisplianry team facilities group therapy, individual therapy and other therapy and pharmacological manaagment 7. Closely monitored to determine if hospitalization is necessary

Answer 70

Keep patient at optimal level of wellness, crisis intervention, decrease jail and hospitalization

Answer 71

1. Case workers visit at least 2-3times/week 2. RN visits at least monthly (bi-weekly if needed) depends on level of need 3. Long-acting injections, set up meds for med monitoring psychosical assessments (well check), advcate as part of interdisciplinary team 4. up to 12 at a time are on medication monitoring 5. meds BID delivered to patient 6. Usually about 60-80 patients in ACT servives

Answer 72

Keep patient at optimal level of wellness, decrease jail and hospitalization

Answer 73

1. Only 1 other 23 hours EOU in texas, all others are 48 hours 2. Up to 23 hour stay 3. used for acute crisis stabiliation (HI, SI, or threat to self or others r/t psychosis) 4. DX: Schizo, bipolor, D/O, MDD, severe anxiety 5. UMC ambulances may determine that there is no medical need and divert straight to EOU for assessment from a crisis team 6. Decreasted stimulus, start on meds, observe reaction 7. Leave with prescription and follow-up visit within 7 days

Answer 74

1. Eat meals 2. Receive medication 3. attend activites 4. participate in individual and group therapies 5. Patients are active participatants in their paln of care 6. right to refuse tx as long as not declared incompetent

Answer 75

1. Usually serves the most seriously ill patients- depends on the state 2. Provides forensic court related care and monitoring for not guility by reason of insanity (NGRI)