Unit 2: Prejudice Flashcards

1
Q

prejudice

A

a negative prejudgement of a group and its individual members (attitude)

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2
Q

discrimination

A

unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group (behavior)

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3
Q

stereotypes

A

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people based on generalizations

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4
Q

old-fashion racism

A

ascribing negative traits and opposing equal rights

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5
Q

modern racism

A

deny discrimination, opposing efforts that promote equality, rejecting minorities for other reasons

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6
Q

explicit prejudice

A

we’re aware that we have and are able to articulate our views

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7
Q

explicit prejudice predicts Bx

A

that we have conscious control over

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8
Q

implicit prejudice

A

negative associations toward a group that we don’t even know we have or aren’t willing to share

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9
Q

implicit prejudice predicts Bx that

A

we do not have conscious control over (body language)

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10
Q

motivational source of prejudice - realistic group conflict theory

A

prejudice arises when groups compete for scarce resources

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11
Q

example of realistic group conflict theory

A

Jews in the Holocaust - German economy declined, Jews used as scapegoat

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12
Q

motivational source of perjudice - social identity theory

A

part of our self-concept is in our groups, so we favor our in-group (in group bias) and derogate out-group to boost our self-esteem

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13
Q

minimal group paradigm study

A

people arbitrarily told they overestimated or underestimated number of dots - they then awarded people in their own group more money

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14
Q

cognitive source of prejudice - group categorization

A

we underestimate between-group similarity and overestimate in-group similarity

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15
Q

line study for group categorization

A

no pattern of estimation when unlabeled, but when labeled A or B greater overestimation of differences in length

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16
Q

cognitive source of prejudice - social categorization

A

classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes (outgroup homogeneity effect)

17
Q

cognitive source of prejudice - illusory correlation

A

people overestimate the link between variables that are slightly or not correlated

18
Q

illusory correlation made when

A

variables are disctinctive (unusual) but already expected to go together

19
Q

illusory correlation example

A

white people overestimate the arrest rate of black people

20
Q

cognitive source of prejudice - confirmation bias example

A

people listen to same audio recording of basketball game, led to believe player was black or white - rated black player as more athletic and rated white player as “more court smart”

21
Q

prejudice and self-fulfilling prohpecy study

A

white interviewers trained in different styles - all white Ps interviewed - Ps treated like how Black applicants are normally treated performed worse than Ps treated like white applicants

22
Q

stereotype threat

A

fear that one will be reduced to a stereotype in the eyes of others - leads to underperformance

23
Q

stereotype threat and academic achievement

A

black and white standford students told test was diagnostic of intelligence OR not diagnostic - white students performed same, black students performed worse when told test was diagnostic

24
Q

stereotype and multiple identities study

A

asian women reminded of asian identity, women identity, or neither, then took math exam - when asian primed, performance increased but when women primed performance decreased

25
reduce stereotype threat by
deemphasize stereotype, reframe task as nondiagnostic, self-affirmation, think of intelligence as malleable (not fixed)
26
contact hypothesis
contact between majority and minority group members will decrease prejudice to disprove inaccurate stereotypes
27
Allport on contact hypothesis
contact hypothesis only valid when contact occurs between people of equal status in pursuit of common goals
28
contact hypothesis Sherif's Robber Cave study
through competition, created hostility between two groups of equal status boys at a camp - try to ameliorate hostility with activities like watching movies together - only opened more opportunities for aggression
29
Sherif's Robber Cave study resulted in decreased prejudice when
cooperative contact - emergencies were created (breakdown of water supplu, etc.) forced them to work together