Unit 2: Prejudice

Question 1

prejudice

Answer 1

a negative prejudgement of a group and its individual members (attitude)

Question 2

discrimination

Answer 2

unfair treatment of members of a particular group based on their membership in that group (behavior)

Question 3

stereotypes

Answer 3

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people based on generalizations

Question 4

old-fashion racism

Answer 4

ascribing negative traits and opposing equal rights

Question 5

modern racism

Answer 5

deny discrimination, opposing efforts that promote equality, rejecting minorities for other reasons

Question 6

explicit prejudice

Answer 6

we’re aware that we have and are able to articulate our views

Question 7

explicit prejudice predicts Bx

Answer 7

that we have conscious control over

Question 8

implicit prejudice

Answer 8

negative associations toward a group that we don’t even know we have or aren’t willing to share

Question 9

implicit prejudice predicts Bx that

Answer 9

we do not have conscious control over (body language)

Question 10

motivational source of prejudice - realistic group conflict theory

Answer 10

prejudice arises when groups compete for scarce resources

Question 11

example of realistic group conflict theory

Answer 11

Jews in the Holocaust - German economy declined, Jews used as scapegoat

Question 12

motivational source of perjudice - social identity theory

Answer 12

part of our self-concept is in our groups, so we favor our in-group (in group bias) and derogate out-group to boost our self-esteem

Question 13

minimal group paradigm study

Answer 13

people arbitrarily told they overestimated or underestimated number of dots - they then awarded people in their own group more money

Question 14

cognitive source of prejudice - group categorization

Answer 14

we underestimate between-group similarity and overestimate in-group similarity

Question 15

line study for group categorization

Answer 15

no pattern of estimation when unlabeled, but when labeled A or B greater overestimation of differences in length

Question 16

cognitive source of prejudice - social categorization

Answer 16

classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes (outgroup homogeneity effect)

Question 17

cognitive source of prejudice - illusory correlation

Answer 17

people overestimate the link between variables that are slightly or not correlated

Question 18

illusory correlation made when

Answer 18

variables are disctinctive (unusual) but already expected to go together

Question 19

illusory correlation example

Answer 19

white people overestimate the arrest rate of black people

Question 20

cognitive source of prejudice - confirmation bias example

Answer 20

people listen to same audio recording of basketball game, led to believe player was black or white - rated black player as more athletic and rated white player as “more court smart”

Question 21

prejudice and self-fulfilling prohpecy study

Answer 21

white interviewers trained in different styles - all white Ps interviewed - Ps treated like how Black applicants are normally treated performed worse than Ps treated like white applicants

Question 22

stereotype threat

Answer 22

fear that one will be reduced to a stereotype in the eyes of others - leads to underperformance

Question 23

stereotype threat and academic achievement

Answer 23

black and white standford students told test was diagnostic of intelligence OR not diagnostic - white students performed same, black students performed worse when told test was diagnostic

Question 24

stereotype and multiple identities study

Answer 24

asian women reminded of asian identity, women identity, or neither, then took math exam - when asian primed, performance increased but when women primed performance decreased

Question 25

reduce stereotype threat by

Answer 25

deemphasize stereotype, reframe task as nondiagnostic, self-affirmation, think of intelligence as malleable (not fixed)

Question 26

contact hypothesis

Answer 26

contact between majority and minority group members will decrease prejudice to disprove inaccurate stereotypes

Question 27

Allport on contact hypothesis

Answer 27

contact hypothesis only valid when contact occurs between people of equal status in pursuit of common goals

Question 28

contact hypothesis Sherif’s Robber Cave study

Answer 28

through competition, created hostility between two groups of equal status boys at a camp - try to ameliorate hostility with activities like watching movies together - only opened more opportunities for aggression

Question 29

Sherif’s Robber Cave study resulted in decreased prejudice when

Answer 29

cooperative contact - emergencies were created (breakdown of water supplu, etc.) forced them to work together