Unit 2: Agression Flashcards
aggression
Bx intended to harm someone physically or psychologically
instrumental aggression
inflicting harm to gain something valuable
hostile aggression
inflicting harm impulsively, anger-induced
indirect aggression
inflict harm without contact with the person
direct aggression
Bx aimed at the person
what type of aggression is: driver yelling at a tailgater
direct, hostile
what type of aggression is: tenant complaining about landlord to other tenants
indirect, hostile
what type of aggression is: bank robber shooting a guard
instrumental, direct
what type of aggression is: someone starting a rumor to break up a couple
instrumental, indirect
3 sources of aggression
instinct, biology, encironment
why might aggression arise from instincts
organisms that aggress gain resources and reproduce - survival value
why is instinctive aggression not the best explanation
doesn’t explain all forms of human aggression
one biological source of aggression
hormones - testosterone
evidence that supports testosterone and aggression
positive correlation, elevated levels in people convicted of violent crimes, sex differences
what violent crime is performed equally between males and females
domestic violence
what does increased testosterone lead to when threatened
more aggression
what does increased testosterone lead to when not threatened
more generosity
environmental sources of aggression
physical pain or discomfort, hotter temperatures
frustration
the block of goal-directed Bx
frustration-aggression theory
frustration triggers readiness to aggress
study that shows when frustration leads to aggression vs. when it does not
conf. disrupted group problem solving due to 1. uncontrollable reasons (hearing aid malfunctioning) - irritation or 2. controllable reasons (not paying attention) - hostility
study that shows that mere exposure to aggressive objects increases likelihood of aggressive Bx
conf. administered shock to Ps; Ps left in room with weapon or neutral object; Ps with the weapon in the room administered longer shocks to the conf.
displacement
inhibit our frustration in the moment because it is inappropriate then redirect the aggression to a less powerful, non-source of frustration
social learning theory of aggression
we learn aggression by observing others being rewarded and punished (Bandura’s Bobo Doll study)
discovery from the Bobo Doll Study
kids who watched adult Bx violently towards doll behaved violently towards doll, and engaged in new forms of aggression towards doll
how does watching aggressive models impact attitude
people develop more positive attitude about aggression
aggressive scripts
people see the world as aggressive place, and interpret ambiguous Bx as aggressive Bx (when exposed to aggression)
how does violence on TV relate to violence in real world
TV exaggerates violent crime rates
how does media violence affect bX
weakens inhibitions against violence, desensitizes against violence, perceive world as dangerous
violence in videogames study
Ps that played violent videogame punished opponent with longer/louder noise blast than Ps that played non-violent videogame
how does military use violent videogames
to desensitize the soldiers to violent acts and illustrate how to perform
catharsis theory of aggression
expression hostility/anger through aggression is way to reduce it later
catharsis theory of aggression study
Ps offended by conf. then punched punching bag while thinking about conf. or thinking about fitness or sat for 2 min - then administered noice blast to conf.
results of catharsis theory of aggression study
Ps that thought about conf. while punching had more anger and aggression than the fitness thinker and the 2 min sitting
why does catharsis backfire
aggression leads to more aggression
how to reduce aggression
reward non-aggressive Bx, teach how to deal with frustration and conflict, reduce violence in media
