Unit 2 - Population & Health and Migration

Question 1

Arithmetic density is a measurement of

Answer 1

population density;
calculated by dividing the population of a country or region by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit area

Question 2

Country with the lowest arithmetic density

Answer 2

Canada

Question 3

Physiological density

Answer 3

the number of people per unit area of arable (farmable/agriculturally productive) land
-reflects population pressure

Question 4

Countries with low arithmetic density but high physiological density

Answer 4

Switzerland, Egypt

Question 5

Ecumene

Answer 5

The area of Earth’s surface that is inhabited by permanent human settlement - the land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purpose.

Question 6

Locations of four largest population concentrations in the world

Answer 6

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North America

Question 7

Problems associated with high population growth in cities

Answer 7

lack of resources (ie water, housing)
environmental pollution
lack of basic infrastructure (i.e. jobs, education, housing, electricity, and public transportation)

Question 8

The largest population in North America resides in

Answer 8

East Coast - from Washington DC to south of Boston, MA

-includes Washington DC, Baltimore, Philadelphia, NYC, Boston, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City

Question 9

Regions of the world with high crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 9

Subsaharan Africa

Question 10

Historical world population trend

Answer 10

People tend to congregate in agriculturally productive places, leading to a high correlation between arable land and population density (cities).

Question 11

Crude Birth Rate

Answer 11

the number of live births per thousand people in a population in a given year

Question 12

Crude Death Rate

Answer 12

the number of deaths per thousand people in a population in a given year

Question 13

Reasons for high population growth rate in developing countries

Answer 13

religious/cultural norms, lack of education and proffesional prospects for women, little access to birth control/contraceptives

Question 14

Thomas Malthus

Answer 14

British economist that published An Essay on the Principles of Population warning that the global population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it. Population grows exponentially while food supplies grow linearally.

Question 15

Ways a country can slow down birth rates

Answer 15

restrictive population policies

toleration of officially unapproved methods of birh control to outright prohibition of large families

Question 16

example of restrictive/anti-natalist population policy

Answer 16

China’s one-child policy

Question 17

example of expansive/pro-natalist population policy

Answer 17

social policies that encourage families through tax incentivies and exapnsion of family-friendly social services
-former Soviet Union and China under Mao Zedong

Question 18

involuntary migration (forced)

Answer 18

imposition of authority or power, producing involuntary movements that cannot be understood based on theories of choice (ie war, dictatorship)

Question 19

voluntary migration

Answer 19

occurs after a migrant weighs options and choices, even if somewhat desparately or not so rationally

Question 20

Ravenstein’s Laws

Answer 20

1. Each migration flow generates a return or counterflow.
2. The majority of migrants move only a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations
4. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.
5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.

Question 21

push factor

Answer 21

conditions and perceptions that help the migrant decide to leave a place (i.e. economic instability, war, poverty, environmental catastrophes)

Question 22

pull factors

Answer 22

the circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places (i.e. educational and occupational opportunities, security, higher standard of living)

Question 23

Which century did the US experience record number of immigrants?

Answer 23

late 19th century, Early 20th century.

1930-present

Question 24

Intervening Obstacle

Answer 24

Any forces or factors that may limit human migration.

i.e. new job opportunity

Question 25

Brain drain

Answer 25

Large-Scale emigration by talented people
Example: When Doctors, Researchers, Scientists and other professionals migrate to countries where they can make better use of their abilities

Question 26

The pattern of interregional African-American migration out of the South to the

Answer 26

Northeast and Midwest

Question 27

World pop 2000 years ago

Answer 27

250 million

Question 28

first doubling time of world pop

Answer 28

16 centuries

Question 29

second doubling time of world pop

Answer 29

170 years

Question 30

current doubling time of world pop

Answer 30

54 years