unit 2 outcome 1 Flashcards
overview of the human lifespan
PRENATAL STAGE:
begins: at fertilisation
ends: at birth
key characteristics: -development of the body’s organs and structures
-substantial growth
INFANCY:
begins: birth
ends: 2 y/o
key characteristics: -rapid period of growth
EARLY CHILDHOOD:
begins: 2 y/o
ends: 6 y/o
key characteristics: -learning new social skills (making friends)
-slow and steady growth
LATE CHILDHOOD:
begins: 6 y/o
ends: 12 y/o
key characteristics: - new skills (reading/writing, refining motor skills)
-slow and steady growth
YOUTH:
begins: 12 y/o
ends: 18 y/o
key characteristics: - rapid growth, increased independence, sexual maturity
-complex relationships develop
EARLY ADULTHOOD:
begins: 18 y/o
ends: 40 y/o
key characteristics: -body reaches physical peak (25-30) followed by a steady decline
-building a career
-life partner
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD:
begins: 40 y/o
ends: 65 y/o
key characteristics: -stability in work and relationships
-physical signs of aging
-menopause
-children leave home
LATE ADULTHOOD:
begins: 65 y/o
ends: death
key characteristics: -Retirement
-grief
-h&w declines
perceptions of youth and adulthood
perceptions of youth are that they are lazy, unhelpful, antisocial, unproductive, uneducated
-also that they are enthusiastic, ambitious, happy, positive
perceptions of adults are that they are judgemental, lack understanding, out of touch, demanding
- also that they are wise, knowledgeable, experienced
definition of development
the series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from fertilisation until death. development can be physical, social, emotional and intellectual.
physical development
changes to the body and its systems. These can be changes in size (i.e. growth), complexity (for example, the increase in complexity of the nervous system) and motor skills (for example, learning to walk).
-Growth refers to organs and systems getting bigger in size
-Motor skills refer to the control of the muscles in the body.
-As well as increasing in size and mass, tissues and systems also change in structure and function.
social development
the increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people
-Learning what behaviours are appropriate in a range of situations is an important part of social development
-Humans spend a lot of their time in different groups and will often have distinct roles within those groups. (social roles)
-Being able to communicate effectively with different groups of people
-knowing how to behave in a relationship and what is expected
emotional development
relates to experiencing the full range of emotions, and increasing complexity relating to the expression of emotions, the development of a self-concept and resilience
-developing a self-concept, how they see them self develops over time
-experiencing the full range of emotions
-learning appropriate ways of expressing emotions
-building resilience
intellectual development
the increase in complexity of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge and memory
-knowledge and memory
-language
-thought patterns and problem solving
-creativity and imagination
-attention
developmental transitions from youth to adulthood
-physical development
- the arms and legs are proportionate to the rest of the body and coordination generally improves.
-growth in height
-changes to the reproductive system, which includes the sex organs and the way they function (sexual maturity)
developmental transitions from youth to adulthood
-social development
-Many of the social experiences that youth encounter are due to their peer group
-communication skills are further developed
-gaining greater independence, youth often learn that they are responsible for their own actions, decisions and consequences.
developmental transitions from youth to adulthood
-emotional development
-explore different values and beliefs, they may a have deeper understanding of who they are as people
-emotional independence emotions when they arise
- have coping strategies and increased resilience
developmental transitions from youth to adulthood
-intellectual development
-More complex concepts are learned
-an increase in skills relating to vocabulary, grammar and the use of language
-he brain structures mature and abstract thought develops
key characteristics of healthy and respectful relationships
Respect: the consideration of others’ feelings, opinions, rights and needs
Trust: the feeling of having confidence in another person and feeling emotionally and physically safe around them
Honesty: the quality of being honest — choosing not to lie, deceive or cheat
Loyalty: the quality of being faithful to others. It also means that people stick by each other and provide support and consistency even through challenging times.
Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
Safety: the state of being free from danger, either physically or emotionally
Equality: the state of being equal, whereby all people involved in a relationship are valued and able to contribute to and take from the relationship. They have the same expectations of the relationship.
healthy and respectful relationships impacts on health and wellbeing
-Physical health and wellbeing is enhanced as people in healthy and respectful relationships do not suffer physical injuries from abuse or violence.
-contributes to the achievement of optimal social health and wellbeing, as people interact with others in a positive way and offer support to each other
-people are in positive, caring relationships they are easily able to recognise and manage their emotions.
-promote optimal mental health and wellbeing because stress levels remain low. When anxiety is present, it can be reduced by sharing thoughts and being cared for by others
-A strong feeling of connectedness is fostered through healthy and respectful relationships. (spiritual)
healthy and respectful relationships impacts on development
-Positive relationships with friends and sports coaches who encourage participation in recreational activities promote physical development.
-Developing communication skills, conflict resolution skills and an understanding of values and beliefs are aspects of social development that are enhanced through healthy and respectful relationships.
-When relationships are supportive and people can be honest with each other, emotions can be expressed without fear of rejection or ridicule. people learn to identify their emotions
-mental processes such as building knowledge and problem-solving abilities, imaginative skills and language skills. occurs from supportive relationships
considerations when becoming a parent such as responsibilities, and the availability of social and emotional support and resources
RESPONSIBILITIES:
meeting the child’s physical needs (food, water, safety), social needs (love, attention), emotional needs (feel loved), and intellectual needs (understanding, curiosity)
SOCIAL SUPPORT:
-money
-baby sitters
-meal prep help
-sharing information
-family members
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT:
-encouragement
-reassurance
-no judgement
-active listening
RESOURCES:
-time, knowledge, material resources, government (federal, state, local)
GOVERNMENT RESOURCES:
-medicare, parental leave pay, the pregnancy birth and baby helpline
