exam revision Flashcards
health and wellbeing definition
The dynamic state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium
youth priorities and perspectives for each dimension of health & wellbeing
PHYSICAL health & wellbeing :
- Youth physical health & wellbeing may prioritise a healthy diet in order to maintain a healthy body weight as they may be concerned with their body image. High levels of fitness may also be a priority for young people and avoiding ill health so it does not interfere with their social life and school life.
SOCIAL health & wellbeing:
- This dimension of health & wellbeing would be a significant priority for youth as their relationships with friends are very important and with growing independence there can be increased conflict in relationships with family. Young people are also learning how to behave in different social situations and managing peer pressure that may go along with these.
EMOTIONAL health & wellbeing:
- Young people should be able to understand what they are feeling in different situations better than they could as a child and may need to prioritise expressing their feelings in more appropriate ways than they did as children. Youth may also experience challenging situations in their life such as a relationship breakup that gives them the opportunity to develop resilience.
MENTAL health & wellbeing:
- Young people may experience higher levels of stress and anxiety than they did in childhood and may prioritise managing stress associated with schooling or friendships and intimate relationships. They may be focused on decision-making in relation to subject selection and future career opportunities.
SPIRITUAL health & wellbeing:
- Young people may not have good knowledge of spiritual health & well-being as their priority is likely to be having a sense of belonging or connection to something in their life such as family, friends, or sporting team. They may also be developing meaning and purpose in their lives as they set goals for themselves in relation to their schooling and university preferences and future careers.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective on health & wellbeing
CULTURE
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who participate in traditional cultural practices such as the use of native language, storytelling, singing/dancing and art have better physical health & well-being such as lower levels of heart disease and have improved morbidity and mortality.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective on health & wellbeing.
CONNECTION TO COUNTRY
Land is fundamental to the health & wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, they have a connection to the land that is part of their spiritual health & wellbeing. When the land is unwell, or they are removed from their land Indigenous people may experience greater ill health
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspective on health & wellbeing.
SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Is a holistic concept that recognises the importance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s connection to land and past and family and community can impact the individual’s health & wellbeing, these relationships impact social & emotional health & wellbeing.
burden of disease
- Burden of disease is a measure of the impact of disease, injury and premature death.
- It measures the gap between the current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free from disease and disability.
- Burden of disease is calculated by adding Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years of Life Lost due to disability (YLD).
- Burden of disease is measured in a unit called DALY. 1 DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to disease, disability, or premature death.
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY
-Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time. -Whereas morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health in a population in a given period of time.
MACRONUTRIENT AND MICRONUTRIENT
- A macronutrient is a nutrient that is required by the body in large amounts for example carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
- Whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient that the body only requires in small amounts for example minerals like calcium and vitamins
THE HEALTH STAR RATING SYSTEM
- Endorsed by the Federal government the Health Star Rating System is a label that can be placed on food packaging and used as an educational tool to assist people making healthier food choices.
- It rates the overall nutrition profile of the packaged food and gives the food a rating from ½ star to 5 stars so that consumers can make a quick comparison between products. The more stars the healthier the product.
- The Health Star rating system is designed to take the guess work out of reading food labels and trying to make a decision between which product is a healthier choice.
- The health star rating system is based on energy (kJ’s) and risk nutrients such as saturated fats, sodium (salt), and sugar and protective nutrients such as fibre, protein and the proportion of fruit, vegetable, nuts and legume content.
- The health star rating system is voluntary and companies do not have to pay a fee when applying for a health star rating for their product.
food selection models and tools
- Australian guide to healthy eating (AGHE)
- Health star rating system
- Healthy eating pyramid (HEP)
Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
main groups:
-vegetables and legumes/beans
-grain foods, mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal fibre varieties
- fruit
- milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives
- leans meats and poultry, fish, eggs, tofu, nuts and seeds and legumes/beans
-The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating is a federal government initiative that provides nutrition advice with the aim of reducing the short- and long-term consequences associated with nutritional imbalance.
-The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating is a food selection model that provides a visual representation based upon the Australian Dietary Guidelines showing the five food groups recommended for consumption each day.
- The foods shown in the bottom right corner of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating poster are foods that consumers are advised to consume sometimes and in small amounts.
The Health Star Rating System
-The Health Star Rating is a labelling system that rates the overall nutritional profile of packaged food and assigns it a rating from ½ a star to 5 stars on the front of the pack.
- It provides a quick, easy, standard way to compare similar packaged foods.
- The more stars, the healthier the choice.
- The Health Star Rating System is voluntary and companies do not have to pay a fee when applying for a Health Star Rating.
- is based on comparing energy (kilojoules), risk nutrients, such as saturated fat, sodium (salt) and sugars, and protective (positive) nutrients such as dietary fibre, protein and the proportion of fruit and vegetable, nut and legume content.
- Choosing foods that are higher in protective/positive nutrients and lower in risk nutrients (saturated fat, sodium, sugars and energy) will help contribute to a balanced diet and lead to better health and wellbeing.
The Healthy Eating Pyramid
- created by a non-government organisation.
- The pyramid represents foods from the five basic food groups as represented in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and arranges them into four levels, indicating the proportion of different types of food that should be consumed.
- The Healthy Eating Pyramid promotes good health and wellbeing by encouraging food variety and a diet based on minimally processed foods from the five food groups, healthy fats, limited salt and added sugar, and sufficient water
-The ‘foundation’ layers (the bottom two layers) contain foods of plant origin: vegetables and legumes, fruits and grains. These foods should make up the majority of an individual’s daily food intake. These foods are nutrient dense and assist in providing youth with optimal amounts of carbohydrates, fibre, B-group vitamins and folate. The middle layer includes the milk, yoghurt, cheese (and alternatives) food group, which primarily provides calcium and protein; and the lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds and legumes food group, which provides protein, iron, and mono and polyunsaturated fats. The top layer consists of foods that contain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which youth should consume in small amounts to support heart health and brain function.
short term consequences of nutritional imbalance P1
Insufficient B-group vitamins and iron:
-extreme feelings of fatigue, an individual may be less likely to partake in exercise (physical h&w) may also reduce the ability to socialise with friends and concentration levels in school will decrease, affecting both social and mental h&w.
Insufficient fibre:
-Insufficient fibre increases risk of constipation. which interrupts the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, affecting physical h&w. this can be embarrassing for the individual and lead to increased stress levels, decreasing mental h&w.
Insufficient water:
-Dehydration ultimately impacts negatively on the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, therefore decreasing physical health and wellbeing.
short term consequences of nutritional imbalance P2
Excessive sodium consumption:
-Hypertension, otherwise known as high blood pressure, can be a result of excessive salt/sodium intake, predominantly affects physical h&w as it reduces the efficient functioning of the heart and blood vessels
Excessive saturated and trans fat:
-high cholesterol and it impacts physical h&w
